[Open-Heads]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun Am]
[WRITER=jen]
[TAPE#=net]
[GRAPHIC=none]
[roll cold out of the open]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=#4070;weekend headline banner]
[SUPER=@Marya1;]
[SUPER=@Brent1;]
Coming up on News 7 Sunday Morning.......
After a fierce firehouse primary, Republicans now have a nominee for the 22nd District seat.
(------------)
[ANCHOR=MARYA]
And one man is in the hospital after being pistol-whipped and shot by burglars.
we will have more on those stories in just a few minutes.
[2-shot toss to Hello]
[D'Ville-Shooting]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Weekend AM]
[WRITER=tco]
[TAPE#=none]
[GRAPHIC=Shooting]
Police are searching for four men who entered a home in Danville overnight, tying up those inside and shooting one of them twice.
Officials say four men went into the house on the 13-hundred block of Twin Oakes Lane and tied up three people inside.
One of the victims, Darrell Floyd Johnson was pistol-whipped and shot twice. He is recovering at Danville Regional this morning.
The other two victims were not hurt.
The four suspects took a playstation and a workbag, but police believe they were looking for money.
[AM-22nd-District]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun. AM]
[WRITER=jwi]
[TAPE#=03-11 tc 1:03:30]
[GRAPHIC=Campaign 2003]
After weeks of campaigning and a primary like some voters had never experienced, Republicans have nominated Brandon Bell for the 22nd District State Senate Seat.
Jennifer Wishon talked to the nominee yesterday evening after he found out he'd won.
[LIVE=JENN/FULL]
[SUPER=@Jennifer1]
Marya-
Public office is nothing new to Brandon Bell.
He served the General Assembly from 1992 to 1996 and says he's excited about the opportunity to run for a seat once again.
(++++++)
[TAKE PINNACLE 1002 FS]
He won the primary by 35- percent, Roanoke County Supervisor Joe "Butch" Church received 21- percent of the vote and attorney Joe Obenshain had 17- percent.
[TAKE PINNACLE 1003 FS]
Dale Wilkinson, Jim Jones and Brenda Johnson rounded out the remaining votes.
(+++++++)
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Roanoke;]
Bell says he hopes to restore Senate leadership in Southwest Virginia.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 02:13:23]
[IN Q=I've had the experience]
((BRANDON BELL/REPUBLICAN NOMINEE: I'VE HAD THE EXPERIENCE, THE OPPORTUNITY CAME UP AND I WANT TO BE ABLE TO USE THAT EXPERIENCE TO HELP THE ROANOKE VALLEY AND THE NEW RIVER VALLEY. IT WAS A SITUATION THAT THE TIME WAS RIGHT FOR ME AND WE'VE LOST LEADERSHIP IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND I FELT LIKE I'VE GOT THAT EXPERIENCE TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE QUICKER THAN SOME OF THE OTHERS THAT WERE RUNNING.))
[SUPER=01-Brandon Bell/Republican Nominee;]
[RUNS=16]
[OUT Q=that were running]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
Runner- up Butch Church says he'll support the Republican nominee, but is unhappy about the Firehouse style primary.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 15:05:03]
[IN Q=I don't like it]
((JOE 'BUTCH' CHURCH/CANDIDATE: I DON'T LIKE IT AND I'M GONNA TELL YOU RIGHT NOW RIGHT OFF THE GET GO I ASKED FOR A FULL PRIMARY. THERE'S BEEN SOME MANY THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN CHANGED, REVAMPED, RE-THOUGHT AND YOU KNOW IF WE'RE SERVICING THE PEOPLE THE PEOPLE NEED TO BE LOOKED AFTER FIRST.))
[SUPER=@church;]
[RUNS=20]
[OUT Q=be looked after first]
(-------------)
[VO-NAT]
Bell concedes that new district lines confused some voters, but was pleased with voter turnout.
[LIVE=JENN/FULL]
So far no Democrat candidates have committed to running for the seat, but Bell expects that to change.
Marya--
[AM-17th-District]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun. a.m.]
[WRITER=mjo]
[TAPE#=03-20 tc 16:07]
[GRAPHIC=Hold]
Republican William Fralin won his party's nomination for the House of Delegates before a vote was even cast.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Roanoke;]
Saturday's mass meeting to select a candidate for the 17th District seat lasted only 20 minutes.
Roanoke County Treasurer Fred Anderson ceded to his opponent as soon as he got to the podium.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 2nd bite in pkg]
[IN Q=Being treasurer]
((FRED ANDERSON: BEING TREASURER NOW FOR ALMOST 28 YEARS, YOU KNOW HOW TO COUNT. SO I KNEW THAT THE PEOPLE WHO SAID THEY WERE GOING TO BE COMING DIDN'T SHOW UP, SO I SAID THERE'S NO NEED TO PROLONG THIS.))
[SUPER=01-Fred Anderson/(R) House of Delegates Candidate;]
[RUNS=:12]
[OUT Q=to prolong this.]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
Fralin says he was humbled and surprised by the gesture. Now he's ready to get to work on the general election.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT last bite in pkg]
[IN Q=We've lost representation]
((WILLIAM FRALIN/(R) HOUSE OF DELEGATES CANDIDATE: WE'VE LOST REPRESENTATION THROUGH REDISTRICTING AND WE'VE LOST REPRESENTATION THROUGH SENIORITY LOSSES. AND IT'S TIME TO SEND SOMEONE UP THERE THAT CAN BE THERE FOR A WHILE AND BUILD THE SENIORITY THAT'S NECESSARY TO PROTECT ROANOKE.))
[SUPER=01-William Fralin/(R) House of Delegates Candidate;]
[RUNS= :13]
[OUT Q=to protect Roanoke.]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
Organizers of the mass meeting say it set attendance records. More than one-thousand people showed up intending to cast their votes.
Fralin faces opposition from Democrat and Roanoke councilwoman Linda Wyatt for the seat being vacated by Democrat Vic Thomas.
(------------)
[WIPE WIPE WIPE]
[11Wyatt]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun AM]
[WRITER=jda]
[TAPE#=03-13 TC-40:33]
[GRAPHIC=WIPE]
[WIPE WIPE WIPE]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Roanoke]
Wyatt will be nominated Tuesday night when Democrats meet at Patrick Henry High School.
She discounts suggestions that the make-up of the 17th District will favor a Republican candidate.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=I think people know]
((I THINK PEOPLE KNOW THAT I TRY TO DO WHAT I THINK IS THE RIGHT THING AND WHETHER YOU'RE REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT, I'M GOING TO REPRESENT YOU TO THE BEST OF MY ABILITY.))
[SUPER=01-Linda Wyatt/(D) House of Delegates Candidate;]
[RUNS=:09]
[OUT Q=to the best of my ability.]
(------------)
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[GRAPHIC=HOLD]
Wyatt has served on Roanoke City Council since 1994. She recently moved into the 17th District to run for the seat that Delegate Vic Thomas is leaving at the end of the year.
[AM-Hylton]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun. a.m.]
[WRITER=mjo]
[TAPE#=03-19 tc 12:59]
[GRAPHIC=Hylton]
A church in Floyd County will be praying for a fallen officer who was one of its own this morning.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
Scott Hylton grew up in the Willis community of Floyd County.
[SUPER=03-Floyd Co.;]
His home stands across from the Willis Village Market, where he stopped in every day.
He was shot dead Friday morning by a shoplifting suspect who was killed by police minutes later.
Hylton was working a shift he'd volunteered for.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 3RD & 4th BITE IN PKG]
[IN Q=He was our]
((SUSIE OVERSTREET: HE WAS OUR MORAL SUPPORT HERE FOR THE STORE EVERYDAY BECAUSE I OPEN EVERY MORNING AND I KNEW IF THERE WAS A PROBLEM WHEN I GOT HERE HE WOULD BE HERE.))
((MARY WICKLINE: IT'S REALLY SCARY TO KNOW THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE OUT THERE THAT CAN GO SO FAR. IT'S A REAL TRAGEDY AND I FEEL FOR HIS FAMILY AND YOU KNOW, I JUST HOPE GOD'S WITH THEM.))
[SUPER=01-Susie Overstreet/Friend; :00]
[SUPER=01-Mary Wickline/Friend; :10]
[RUNS=21]
[OUT Q=God's with them]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
Friends are remembering Hylton at his church this morning.
On Tuesday at 11, the same preacher who married Hylton and his wife will lead his funeral services at Topeco Church of the Brethren.
He'll be buried in the cemetery behind the church.
(------------)
[Tease#1]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun Am]
[WRITER=jen]
[SS=None]
[BOTH MICS HOT]
Coming up -
Thousands lace up their running shoes to help fight cancer
[ANCHOR=Brent]
and
(----------------)
[VO-NAT]
Two centuries haven't taken their toll on a Bedford County church- they've just added to the character. We'll show you as we go to your hometown, Chamlisburg.
(-------------)
[Almanac Bump]
[Break #1]
[11Hollins-Cancer]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun AM]
[WRITER=dgr]
[TAPE#=03-]
[GRAPHIC=none]
The fight against cancer marched on at Hollins University this weekend.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Roanoke Co./Yesterday;]
Relay for Life was held on campus until six this morning.
More than 150 cancer survivors took part.
Relay for Life is the American Cancer Society's signature activity.
It involves teams taking turns walking or running around a track.
Team members raise funds through donations.
This is just one of many similar events held around our region each year.
(------------)
[WIPE WIPE WIPE]
[Breast-Cancer]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun AM]
[WRITER=jen]
[TAPE#=net]
[GRAPHIC=wipe]
[WIPE WIPE WIPE]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Los Angeles, CA]
In Los Angeles, thousands of runners and walkers went the exra mile because those affected by breast and ovarian cancers are "Worth It"!
It was the tenth anniversary of the Revlon Run-Walk for Women.
This year's event was co-hosted by Debra Messing and Billy Crystal.
Over the past decade, Revlon has raised more than 26 million dollars for cancer research.
(------------)
[Health-Review]
[ANCHOR=Joy]
[NEWSCAST=sun am]
[WRITER=jsu]
[TAPE#=Health Check 2]
[GRAPHIC=Health Review]
In health review,
A new study at Virginia Tech is helping children overcome phobias.
And Carilion adds a new Breast Care Center.
Joy Sutton has those stories and more.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=Carilion says even with three]
[SUPER=01-Dr. F. Lee Tucker/Carilion Breast Care Center; :10]
[SUPER=01-Dr. Thomas Ollendick/Virginia Tech Child Study Center; :49]
[SUPER=07-Robin Hubert; 1:32]
[SUPER=01-Joanne Chiglinsky/Licensed Clinical Social Worker; 1:48]
[SUPER=@Joy2; 2:01]
[RUNS=2:14]
[OUT Q=I'm Joy Sutton]
((
[tape # 03-12, 41:31]
Carilion says even with three other screening location for breast cancer, it's new Breast Cancer Center at Community Hospital is a necessary addition.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT ]
[IN Q=We we're at capacity for screening]
((WE WE'RE AT OUR CAPACITY FOR SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY AND THE WAIT TIMES WERE INCREASING. WE KNOW THAT OUR MORE WOMEN THAT NEED A MAMMOGRAM IN ROANOKE THAN ARE CURRENTLY GETTING ONE. THE SECOND REASON IS THAT IT ALLOWS US TO FOCUS OUR EXPERTISE FOR WOMEN WHO HAVE AN IDENTIFIED ABNORMALITY.))
[RUNS17]
[OUT Q=have an identified abnormality]
This Breast Care Center will make it possible to double the number of women Carilion can screen and treat for breast cancer.
[TAPE#=502-04 2:03:01]
In other health news,
10 year old Will King is just one of many children participating in a study at Virginia Tech for children with phobias.
Before therapy with psychologist Thomas Ollendick he was terrified of dogs.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT ]
[IN Q=What we're testing is a one session treatment]
((WHAT WE'RE TESTING IS A ONE SESSION TREATMENT FOR THESE PHOBIAS IN CHILDREN. WE HAVE THEM COME IN FOR A MAXIMUM OF THREE HOURS AND WE'RE TRYING TO OFFER THEM A VERY CONCENTRATED FOCUSED TREATMENT))
[RUNS15]
[OUT Q=concentrated focused treatment]
Will's therapy worked so well --he now has a pet dog, Buddy.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT, covered bite]
[IN Q=I think they're actually pretty]
((I THINK THEY'RE ACTUALLY PRETTY FUN. I CAN ENJOY THEM BETTER))
[RUNS05]
[OUT Q=enjoy them better]
Researchers are still looking for children to participate in the study. For more information you can find a link to project web page on our web site.
[TAPE#=502-07 1:47:00]
And finally in medical news,
Robin Hubert remembers a time when she do anything just to stay thin. She suffered from an eating disorder known as bulimarexia.
(///// SOT /////)
[IN Q=I restricted my food so much]
((I RESTRICTED MY FOOD SO MUCH. THAT I WOULD ALLOW MYSELF 40 OR 50 CALORIES A DAY. I WOULD DO A HUNDRED SIT-UPS THREE TIMES A DAY AND I ABUSED LAXATIVES BY THE BOX))
[RUNS14]
[OUT Q=by the box]
But Robin is not alone in her battle with an eating disorder.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 18:39:52]
[IN Q=They're very common]
((THEY'RE VERY COMMON AND THEY'RE BECOMING INCREASINGLY MORE COMMON ESPECIALLY IN THE YOUNGER AGES. I'M SEEING MORE AND MORE MIDDLE SCHOOL GIRLS, GIRLS JUST APPROACHING PUBERTY WITH EATING DISORDERS))
[RUNS13]
[OUT Q=with eating disorders]
Chiglinsky says the earlier you intervene the better the chances are for recovery and resolving the eating disorder.
Now that Robin has been in recovery for 11 years she has started a support group to help others in the Roanoke Valley.
That's health review, I'm Joy Sutton))
(---------------)
(++++++++++)
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[TAKE 100ESS FS]
For more information about the Eating Disorders Support group you can call 540-397-6980.
(+++++++++++)
[MARYA TOSS TO BUMP]
[2Open-Heads]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun Am]
[WRITER=jen]
[TAPE#=net]
[GRAPHIC=none]
[roll cold out of the open]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=#4070;weekend headline banner]
Coming up on News 7 Sunday Morning......
More than a thousand voters showed up yesterday for the 17th District Republican mass meeting.. but they never got to cast a single ballot.
(------------)
[anchor=Marya]
And a Danville man is hospitalized after burglars invade his home, shoot and pistol-whip him.
We will have more on those stories in just a few minutes.
[2-shot toss to hello]
[2-D'Ville-Shooting]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Weekend AM]
[WRITER=tco]
[TAPE#=none]
[GRAPHIC=Shooting]
An armed robbery in Danville sent one man to the hospital overnight; police are still searching for those responsible.
Four men entered a house on the 13-hundred block of Twin Oakes Lane last nith and tied up three people inside.
One of the victims, Darrell Floyd Johnson was pistol-whipped and shot twice. He is recovering at Danville Regional this morning.
The other two victims were not hurt.
The four suspects took a playstation and a workbag, but police believe they were looking for money.
[Powell-Israel]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun AM]
[WRITER=jen]
[TAPE#=net]
[GRAPHIC=none]
The "Road-map" for Middle East peace.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Jerusalem]
That's what Secretary of State Colin Powell is meeting in Jerusalem today to discuss.
Powell is meeting with President Moshe Katzav (KAHT'-sahv) and Prime Minister Ariel Sharon now and when those talks wrap, he's scheduled to meet with Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas, in Jericho.
(------------)
[Iraq]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun. a.m.]
[WRITER=mjo]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=After Saddam]
Authorities aren't saying why... but the U-S official sent to Baghdad to coordinate rebuilding is leaving.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Baghdad, Iraq;]
Barbara Bodine's departure comes amid an apparent shakeup of the civilian team assigned to help Iraq after the war.
That could complicate a June 15th deadline to get Iraq's infrastructure up and running.
As permanent police departments are put in place, U-S military police are patrolling side by side with Iraqi officers.
There has been some unrest as the Ayatollah visits Basra, speaking to his followers.
(------------)
[11Postal-Service]
[ANCHOR=Marya]
[NEWSCAST=Sun AM]
[WRITER=jsu]
[TAPE#=03-15 TC-2:58:06]
[GRAPHIC=NONE]
Letter carriers are helping "Stamp Out Hunger".
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Roanoke/Yesterday]
They went door to door yesterday collecting non-perishable food items from postal customers.
This is the 11th year of Stamp out Hunger. Over the past decade, letter carriers have collected and delivered more than 525-MILLION pounds of food to community food banks and pantries.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT16:47:51]
[IN Q=Thank God for the customers]
((THANK GOD FOR THE CUSTOMERS. BLESS EVERY ONE OF THEM. THIS GOES TO A VERY GOOD CAUSE. THIS IS THE LARGEST SINGLE DAY FOOD DRIVE BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS IN THE COUNTRY))
[SUPER=01-Gary Jenkins/Mail Carrier]
[RUNS=11]
[OUT Q=in the country]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
The U-S Postal Service says an estimated 30 million people go hungry every day in this country, and more than 12 million of them are children.
The food picked up in the Roanoke Valley will be donated the Second Harvest Foodbank of Southwest Virginia.
(------------)
[wx next]
[Tease#2]
[ANCHOR=Marya 2-shot]
[NEWSCAST=Sun AM]
[WRITER=jen]
[SS=None]
[BOTH MICS HOT]
Coming up -
Looking for something to help get your weekend off to an early start? We have just the thing to make sure you don't miss a beat.
[ANCHOR=Brent 2-shot]
and
(---------------)
[VO-NAT]
We'll show you how to get pumped up about pumping iron - Stay with us - News 7 Sunday Morning will be right back.
(--------------)
[LOTTO]
[BREAK]
[Profile-Open]
[ANCHOR=Brent]
[NEWSCAST=Sun-AM]
[WRITER=khu]
[TAPE#=Va. Profile]
[GRAPHIC=Va. Profile wx monitor]
SHE set out to be a nurse. HE thought he'd follow his father's calling and go into the ministry.
Keith Humphry says that's not at all what happened to Shirley and Herschel (HER-shell) Fike (fyke).
Rather than wondering what might have been, the Fikes live their lives in perfect harmony.
(////////SOT///////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=animation]
[RUNS=:05]
[OUT Q=stop animation]
[WIPE WIPE WIPE WIPE WIPE]
[Fike-Profile]
[ANCHOR=bremt]
[NEWSCAST=sat am]
[WRITER=scl]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=wipe]
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=He's a dairy]
[SUPER=03-Franklin Co.; :05]
[SUPER=01-Herschel Fike/Dairy Farmer; :16]
[SUPER=01-Shirley Fike/Piano Teacher; :50]
[SUPER=01-Amy Vandevander/Piano Student; :59]
[RUNS=3:25]
[OUT Q=Humphry, NEWS 7.]
((
He's a dairy farmer, milking almost 60 cows... twice a day. It's a job that has kept Herschel Fike close to home since he bought the farm. That was in 1955.
[SOT @ 9:21:30]
((COURSE, I WAS 21, UNMARRIED, UNATTACHED. IT WAS A LITTLE TOO EARLY, BUT...)) [RUNS=:07]
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 9:22:05]
((I ASKED THIS YOUNG LADY IF SHE WOULD DO IT WITH ME, AND SHE SAID SHE WOULD, SO THAT'S WHAT WE'VE BEEN DOING.))
[RUNS09]
In between helping with the herd and raising a family, SHIRLEY Fike established her own home-bound enterprise.
[NAT SOT]
Abbey and Amy Vandevander are two of the 23 students who come to the Fike farm each week for piano lessons.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 56:40]
((THE STUDENTS ARE... THEY'RE JUST SPECIAL. I JUST LOVE SEEING THEM DEVELOP AND BE ABLE TO SHARE THEIR LOVE OF MUSIC AS WELL.))
[RUNS:12]
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 11:30:12]
((SHE JUST PUTS HERSELF OUT THERE. AND SHE'S SO FUN TO WORK WITH. SHE'S SWEET. EVERYBODY LOVES HER.))
[RUNS:05]
[11:21:53]
((NAT SOT Full: Shirley sings, demonstrating the way the accents should be played.))
She also gives voice lessons and serves as choir director at the church. But don't think she isn't interested in what's going on in the barn.
[9:13:33]
((SHE LIKES DIRT AND ANIMALS AND WHEN WE WERE FIRST MARRIED SHE DROVE THE TRACTOR SOME FOR ME.))
[RUNS:10]
[9:13:55]
((AND NOW SHE WASHES OUT THE BARN WHEN I HAVE THE EVENING CHORES TO DO ON WEEKENDS. AND SHE LOVES IT. YEAH, I DO I LIKE IT.))
[RUNS:15]
Herschel not only can name all 23 of Shirley's students, he can tell you how they're progressing with their music.
As we talked, Shirley recalled how she discovered she had a natural gift, singing harmony without even realizing it- -as early as second grade. In fourth grade, she remembers asking the teacher to let her sing a song to the class.
[9:34:53]
((SINGING: I'LL BE LOVING YOU ALWAYS, WITH A HEART THAT'S TRUE.)) [:10] (He chimes in)
[RUNS:24 -total]
Irving Berlin's song was already an old standard by the time the Fikes were courting.
They remember their first date: It was February 9, 1951. Herschel drove to Roanoke to pick Shirley up in an old Ford.
[9:31:10]
((IT WAS AN OLD '28 MODEL CAR WITH MECHANICAL BRAKES. I WAS GOING TOO FAST, AND THE BRAKES JUST WOULDN'T HOLD. I RAMMED IT INTO REVERSE.))
[RUNS:14] (+07 of laughter)
Though reminiscing can throw them into fits of laughter, they also speak almost reverently of one another after 47 years of marriage.
[9:04:40]
((SHE'S SO POISED IN EVERYTHING SHE DOES.))
[RUNS:03]
[1:03:30]
((HE DOESN'T SAY MUCH ABOUT HIMSELF, BUT HE'S A MINISTER WHEREVER HE GOES.)) [:06]
Shirley says she's content to sit in a corner and read a book, while he's more of a people person.
[9:28:25]
((HE'S HAD SOME INFLUENCE ON ME. AND YOU ON ME.))
[RUNS:05 + LAUGHTER]
Hershel is about to retire from farming, so they may be able to leave this pastoral place once in a while.
Keith Humphry, NEWS 7.
))
[STRAIGHT TO MARYA AT BAM]
[CONCERT SERIES FS BAM]
by SS