[News-Heads]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=tbr]
[TAPE#=News-Heads]
[GRAPHIC=None]
(------------------)
[VO-NAT]
Today on News 7 at 5, the city of Salem takes steps to protect its water supply following this week's fire.
(---------------)
Also the bombing of the U-N's hotel in Iraq may have been an inside job.
[Weather-Head]
[ANCHOR=Robin]
[SS=None]
A delightful change ahead as the weather goes from humid to comfortable this weekend. The progress of a cold front is tonight's weather headline.
[Medical-Head]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=tbr]
[TAPE#med heads]
[GRAPHIC=NONE]
Also today, a computer virus making its way through the internet could cause even bigger problems.
(----------------)
[VO-NAT]
On Health Check, we'll see a new treatment that is showing progress in treating a common problem in Diabetics.
(----------------)
[ANCHOR=Jean]
Also transportation officials say traffic on Interstate 81 will be extra heavy this weekend.
News 7 at 5 is next.
[Video-Open]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=jwi]
[TAPE#video open]
[GRAPHIC=NONE]
(/////SOT/////)
[SOT 19:01:20]
[IN Q=Right now we're]
((RIGHT NOW WE'RE MONITORING THINGS FOR POSSIBLE CONTAMINANTS.))
[RUNS=:03]
[OUT Q=possible contaminents]
(----------------)
[VO-NAT]
Fire at a Salem hardware store is extinguished, but the cleanup is just beginning.
(----------------)
[5-Fire-Contaminents]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=jwi]
[TAPE#=503-01]
[GRAPHIC=Fire Aftermath]
When the types of chemicals found in a hardware store catch fire and are then doused with millions of gallons of water, it can create an environmental nightmare.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Salem/Thursday;]
That's just what happened when the True Value Northwest Hardware Store in Salem caught fire earlier this week.
Today the health department arrived on the scene to test for contamination.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 19:02:05]
[IN Q=The city of Salem]
((RICHARD TABB/ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANAGER: THE CITY OF SALEM HAS CLOSED THEIR WATER INTAKE, WHICH IS DIRECTLY DOWN FROM THIS INCIDENT, SO YOU KNOW, APPROPRIATE ACTIONS HAVE BEEN TAKEN.))
[SUPER=01-Richard Tabb/Environmental Health Manager;]
[RUNS=08]
[OUT Q=have been taken]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
Tabb says no one is in any immediate danger.
Local, state and federal officials will be working together until the site is cleaned up.
The health department will also continue to monitor the situation.
(------------)
[5-Woods-Crossing]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=khu]
[TAPE#=503-05]
[GRAPHIC=Fire aftermath]
Fire investigators say yesterday's fire at Woods Crossing off Starkey Road in Roanoke County was the result of an overheated porch light.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Roanoke Co.]
The blaze all-but destroyed two up-stairs condos, and heavily damaged the ones below them on the ground floor.
Remarkably enough, insurance adjusters, building contractors and the homeowners association all agree the structure can be repaired.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 1:13:30]
[IN Q=The building's]
((THE BUILDING'S NOT TOTALED. THEY'LL REPAIR THE BUILDING AND REPAIR THE UNITS, AND THE ONE'S UNDER IT AND THE ONE'S BESIDE OF IT.))
[SUPER=01-Randy Spence/Deputy Fire Marshal]
[RUNS=:06]
[OUT Q=beside of it.]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
All the residents managed to get out safely, though it was a close call for Lori Hartsock's cat, Tigger.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 1:08:18]
[IN Q=We got here]
((WE GOT HERE. NOBODY KNEW WHERE SHE WAS. SHE'S SUCH AN INDOOR CAT. WE THOUGHT MAYBE SHE GOT RUNNING LOOSE. AND FINALLY FIREFIGHTERS WERE ABLE TO GET IN AND FIND HER. ))
[SUPER=01-Lori Hartsock/Woods Crossing Resident]
[RUNS=:08]
[OUT Q=and find her.]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=04-Yesterday]
Tigger is still being treated for smoke inhalation at Veterinarians to Cats... and is expected to stay there another day or two.
She and Lori plan to move in with her parents for three or four months while the condo's being repaired.
(------------)
[5-Iraq]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=jja]
[TAPE#=Net]
[GRAPHIC=]
Could it have been Iraqis who worked at the United Nations who were behind this week's attack?
Investigators say it's possible .. they're zeroing in on several Iraqi Security guards.
Drew Levinson now with more from the U-N in New York.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=]
[SUPER=03-Baghdad, Iraq;]
[SUPER=01-Paul Bremer/U.S. Iraqi Administrator;]
[SUPER=@Levinson1]
[RUNS=:00]
[OUT Q=CBS News, the United Nations.]
((
With speculation growing that Tuesday's UN bombing in Baghdad was an inside job, The FBI is focusing its attention on the Iraqis who worked there and how they could have orchestrated such a crime..
The UN hired many of the same guards who at one time worked in that building as agents for Saddam's Secret Service. T
And because they knew the layout of the building so well, it could
explain the location and timing of the explosion.
The bomb went off near a top-level meeting that had just gotten under way on Tuesday, nearly two dozen people were killed including the UN's top diplomat in Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello.
This afternoon, his coffin, draped in a UN flag was loaded onto a
Brazilian air force jet and flown to Geneva.
U-S Iraqi administrator Paul Bremer remained defiant
PAUL BREMER/US IRAQI ADMINISTRATOR:
"IT'S A VERY GOOD LESSON TO TERRORIST, WE WILL NOT BE DETOURED BY ANY
ACT OF TERRORISM."
DREW LEVINSON:
UN SECRETARY GENERAL KOFI ANNAN WARNED THAT THE SECURITY COUNCIL MOST
LIKELY WON'T AGREE TO SEND IN MORE FOREIGN TROOPS TO IRAQ UNLESS THE
UNITED STATES AGREES TO SHARE RESPONSIBILITES---SOMETHING SO FAR THE US
SAYS IT WON'T DO.
Meanwhile, it's getting noisier in Baghdad as the anti-American
sentiment reaches a fevor pitch.
At Friday prayers--there were young children dressed in white--claiming
if asked-- they were ready to be martyrs.
Still the US and the UN vow to rebuild Iraq.
Drew Levinson, CBS News, The United Nations.))
[5-Computer-virus]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=jja]
[TAPE#=Net]
[GRAPHIC=None]
If you use a computer beware.
The computer virus Sobig is living up to it's name.
In fact it's so big it's already slowed email systems worlwide- and it could attack again.
The virus is rigged to tell infected machines to download a program that could steal passwords or delete files.
Experts recommend doing an antivirus scrub or just powering down.
The virus is programmed to try the download every Friday and Sunday afternoon.
[5-Traffic]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=Five]
[WRITER=tbr]
[TAPE#=Net]
[GRAPHIC=Interstate 81]
College students and race fans will pack Interstate 81 this weekend.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=04-File Tape;]
Several colleges including Tech, Radford and Roanoke College are opening their dormatories this weekend.
It is also race weekend in Bristol, where 160 thousand fans will attend tomorrow night's event.
Virginia State Police say all troopers on duty will pay close attention to Interstate 81. More troopers are also on standby.
(------------)
[Tease#1]
[HARD MUSIC UNDER]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
Coming up after the break, some injured workers have to be rescued from a trench,
(--------------)
[VO-NAT ]
Also the attorney for a murder suspect in Grayson County wants his client's trial moved. We'll tell you why.(---------
------)
[music up full]
[comm1]
[5-Schermerhorn]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=myr]
[TAPE#=503-03 26:01]
[GRAPHIC=None]
An attorney in the Logan Bowman case wants the trial moved out of Grayson County.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Grayson Co.;]
Dennis Schermerhorn's (Skim-er-horn) trial is set for November 20th.
He and his ex-girlfriend Cynthia Davis are charged with felony homicide, for the murder of Davis' five-year-old son, Logan Bowman.
Today Schermerhorn's attorney filed a motion for a change of venue, saying the case has gotten too much media attention.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT 2556]
[IN Q=it's part of my]
((MARTY PARKS/SCHERMERHORN'S ATTY.: IT'S PART OF MY RESPONSIBILTY TO MY CLIENT TO PURSUE EVERYTHING THAT I CAN PURSUE THAT WILL HELP HIM GET THE FAIREST TRIAL POSSIBLE.))
[SUPER=01-Marty Parks/Schermerhorn's Attorney;]
[RUNS=08]
[OUT Q=trial possible]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=04-File Tape;]
Schermerhorn's bond was set at 100-thousand dollars.
Davis, on the other hand is being held without bond in the New River Regional jail.
Her trial is scheduled for October 31st.
Logan Bowman disappeared in January.
Authorities believe he is dead but have NOT been able to locate his body.
(------------)
[5-OTB]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=mmu]
[TAPE#=503-06 57:08]
[GRAPHIC=None]
The mayor of Alberta, Virginia says their off track betting parlor is an asset to the community.
And she says Vinton residents should take the gamble.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Alberta]
The OTB facility in Brunswick County has been in business for more than five years.
A percentage of the gross receipts and admission fees brings in about 57-thousand dollars in additional revenue for the area.
Alberta's mayor says despite initial concerns that off-track wagering would lead to an increase in crime, there have not been any problems.
(/////SOT/////)
[SOT 13:07:47]
[IN Q=THAT WAS VOICED HERE WHEN]
((MELISSA PARRISH/MAYOR OF ALBERTA: THAT WAS VOICED HERE WHEN IT WAS UNDER DISCUSSION I CAN'T SEE THAT HAPPENED HERE AT ALL. I THINK THEY'RE JUST A REAL ASSET TO THE COMMUNITY IF I WERE LIVING IN VINTON AND I WAS THE MAYOR THERE, I'D SAY GIVE THEM A WARM WELCOME.))
[SUPER=01-Melissa Parrish/Mayor of Alberta]
[RUNS=:18]
[OUT Q=GIVE THEM A WARM WELCOME.]
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
The 250-seat parlor attracts a large number of bettors from North Carolina, where pari-mutuel horse-racing is illegal.
Colonial Downs says an off-track betting parlor in Vinton would bring the town one- point- three million dollars in economic benefits.
(------------)
[5-Trench-Rescue]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=jja]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=None]
It was a race to rescue four workers today who fell into a trench in Boston.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Boston, MA]
The contractors were trapped in dirt and water - Rescuers used giant vacumn cleaners with tubes to pump both water and dirt out of the trench- and get the men out safely.
The workers were on private property .... officials say they either fell into the trench or stepped into it.
All four were taken to a nearby hospital to be evaluated.
(------------)
[5-Diabetes]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=Five]
[WRITER=tbr]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=Healthcheck]
There's good news today for diabetics suffering from a common complication.
As Dr. Mallika Marshall tells us, doctors are finding success treating foot and leg ulcers.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=]
[SUPER=01-John Hunter/Diabetes Patient;]
[SUPER=01-Dr. Jeffrey Johnson/Washington University Orthopedic Surgeon;]
[SUPER=01-Dr. Mallika Marshall/CBS News;]
[RUNS=:00]
[OUT Q=CBS NEWS]
((STROLLING AROUND THE OFFICE HASNT BEEN THIS EASY FOR JOHN
HUNTER IN RECENT YEARS
SOT: JOHN HUNTER/DIABETES PATIENT
I COULDN'T WALK. IT WAS PAINFUL TO WALK.
TRACK: 20-YEARS OF DIABETES LEFT HIM WITH DANGEROUS FOOT ULCERS ON HIS
FEET ULCERS THAT HEALED - ONLY TO RETURN AGAIN.UNTIL HE HAD BOTH HIS
ACHILLES TENDONS - LENGTHENED
SOT: DR. JEFFREY JOHNSON/WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON
REALLY IT'S A CONTROLLED TEAR---- THAT'S WHAT WE ARE CREATING.
(GRAPHIC)
TRACK: RESEARCHERS IN ST. LOUIS HAVE FOUND THAT PATIENTS WHOVE HAD
3-SMALL INCISIONS MADE IN THEIR ACHILLES TENDONS -OR HEEL CHORDS-NOT
ONLY RECOVERED FROM THEIR FOOT ULCERS-BUT WERE 75-PERCENT LESS LIKELY TO
SUFFER RECURRENCES
THEY BELIEVE THE BENEFIT MAY COME SIMPLY FROM HAVING MORE RANGE OF
MOTION.
SOT: DR. JOHNSON (NO SUPER-DEMONSTRATES WITH MODEL)
IF WE LENGTHEN THE HEEL CHORD-- THE ANKLE CAN COME UP FARTHER AND THE
MUSCLE ITSELF IS WEAKENED SLIGHTLY SO IT CAN EXERT LESS PRESSURE ON THE
BALL OF THE FOOT.
STANDUP:
AND LESS PRESSURE - MEANS A BETTER CHANCE AT HEALING
WHICH IS CRITICAL FOR DIABETES PATIENTSWHO FACE AMPUTATION FROM
UNHEALED FOOT WOUNDS.
TRACK: AFTER A CASTSOFT SHOE AND SOME EXERCISEJOHN IS DOING WELL-MAYBE
EVEN ENJOYING EACH STEP ALONG THE WAYNO MATTER HOW FAR OR SHORT THE
JOURNEY. DR. MALLIKA MARSHALL, CBS NEWS.))
[Tease#2]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=Five]
[WRITER=bwa]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=]
Coming up next, Robin Reed will have the forecast for the busy weekend.
(----------------)
[VO]
But first, we will see how vacation got off to a bad start for one family.
(----------------)
[5-Williamsburg-Crash]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=jja]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=None]
Not a holiday for some people staying at the Holiday Inn in Williamsburg.
(------------)
[VO-NAT 13:02:45]
[SUPER=03-Williamsburg;]
A car crashed through a large window and came to a stop inside a room.
Two people were sent to the hospital.
Investigators aren't sure what led to the crash.. they're trying to figure out if the driver suffered a medical emergency.
The Holiday Inn on Capital Landing Road is a popular tourist attraction becaues it's close to Colonial Williamsburg.
Once the vehicle was pulled from the building, firefighters used wooden braces to reinforce the structure until it can be fixed.
(------------)
[Stats]
[08/22/2003]
[TWO SHOT TOSS]
[WALK INTO]
[CK/CHYRON/VIEWERNET]
[SUPER=#583]VIEWERNET LOCATION
[CK/WXPRO]WEATHER MAPS
WEATHER FORECASTS
EXTENDED FORECAST
[SIT DOWN FOR 2 SHOT TOSS]
[Tease#3]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5]
[WRITER=tbr]
[TAPE#=Tease3]
[GRAPHIC=None]
Coming up in Sports, Mike Stevens will have the latest on Nascar qualifying. So far, Mother Nature is leading the pack.
(--------------)
[VO-NAT]
Also we will see if investors on Wall Street were able to finish the week on a good note.
(--------------)
[Comm 3]
[5Marketwatch]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=tbr]
[TAPE#=net]
[GRAPHIC=Marketwatch]
On Wall Street today, stocks lost ground for the day, but moved higher on the week.
An upbeat outlook from chip-maker Intel gave the markets an initial boost, but it didn't last as investors chose to cash out.
Alexis Christoforous has more.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=]
[SUPER=01-Alexis Christoforous/CBS Marketwatch;]
[RUNS=:00]
[OUT Q=News 7 at 5.]
[Stock Roll]
[5-Stock-Roll]
[SUPER=X5000;]
[SUPER=281-h/0.38/38.98/i/0.14/49.91/i/0.12/67.22/i/0.06/13.79//Unchg/0.02;]
[SUPER=282-h/0.19/30.59/i/0.15/8.21/h/0.08/1.90/i/0.44/16.60/i/0.53/64.91;]
[SUPER=283-h/0.14/49.54/i/0.10/4.30/i/0.13/25.64/i/0.23/23.63/i/0.92/42.91;]
[SUPER=284-i/0.33/23.78/i/0.50/43.52/i/0.24/29.55//Unchg/22.80/i/0.06/8.92;]
[super=#555; Reset]
[5-Raceway]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=11]
[WRITER=jja]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=None]
No racing at the Kansas speedway this weekend, but people are speeding to the track anyway.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Kansas City, KS]
They'll open their mouths not to cheer on drivers, but to get their teeth checked.
The speedway has turned into a giant dental office this wekeend.
Hundreds of volunteers including 160 dentists are offering free care to those who can't afford it.
Denists are doing everything from cleanings and fillings to extractions.
60 chairs set up inside the racecar garages and infield are packed.
In fact so many patients turned out some had to wait eight hours.
It's expected over two thousand people will be treated in three days at the track.
(------------)
[S5-Qualify]
[ANCHOR=mike]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=mst]
[TAPE#=SP-153]
[GRAPHIC=BAM]
Good afternoon everybody and welcome to the end of the traditional work week ticker.
The Winston Cup rides just down the raid a piece in Bristol this weekend getting ready for tomorrow night's Sharpie 500.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Bristol, TN/TNT; :00]
There is a slight problem at the track, however, rain has invaded the 100 thousand plus seat facility.
Time trials got under just fine and about hald the field got in its laps before the storm rolled in.
The track was under a drying pattern until just before five pm.
Jeff Gordon was on the provisional pole going out before the rain started. We'll update things for you tonight on News 7 at Six.
(-----------)
[S5-Rusty]
[ANCHOR=mike]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=twe]
[TAPE#=SP-150 TC3558]
[GRAPHIC=BAM]
Rusty Wallace qualified ____ today. The nine time Bristol winner will honor his late friend Alan Kulwicki this weekend on the high banks in pre race ceremonies as part of Winston's Victory Lap program. The 1992 Winston Cup champ died in a plane crash not far from the track 10 years ago.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=]
[SUPER=01-Rusty Wallace/Nine Time Bristol Winner; :00]
[RUNS=:14]
[OUT Q=gonna be a cool deal."]
(-----------------)[S5-Grove]
[ANCHOR=mike]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=sma]
[TAPE#=SP-148 1:50:40]
[GRAPHIC=bam]
Tonight from seven to eight o'clockm tune in for the 20th anniversary special of Friday Football Extra.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Blacksburg; :00]
Former Jefferson Forest standout lineman and Now Tech senior Jake Grove was a fixture on Friday Football Extra in the late 90's and remembers just how important the show was to his teammates and the Forest community.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=]
[SUPER=01-Jake Grove/Former Jefferson Forest Lineman; :04]
[RUNS=:20]
[OUT Q=another 20 years"]
(----------------)
[WIPE to PINNACLE #13078]
A look back at the last 19 years of Friday Football Extra is coming up tonight right here on Your Hometown Station at 7.
Plus, don't forget we are giving away a pair of Tech season tickets tonight during the show.
(-------------)
[S5-Hargrave]
[ANCHOR=mike]
[NEWSCAST=5pm]
[WRITER=sma]
[TAPE#=SP-160 15:27]
[GRAPHIC=none]
Hargrave Military Academy cornerback Phillip Brown is an expert on comparing Marcus Vick and Tech top quarterback recruit Cory Holt.
(------------)
[VO-NAT]
[SUPER=03-Chatham; :00]
Brown, who wears number four, is one of the few corners who has played against both quarterbacks.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=]
[SUPER=01-Phillip Brown/Committed to UVa; :00]
[RUNS=:19]
[OUT Q=......next few years"]
(--------------)
[ANCHOR=mike]
That's it for the ticker, coming up at six, Steve Mason checks in from Charlottesville with some words from UVa's new offensive coodinator.
Take care everybody and have a safe night.
[GO TO BREAK] [5-MLK]
[ANCHOR=Jean]
[NEWSCAST=Five]
[WRITER=tbr]
[TAPE#=]
[GRAPHIC=None]
Tomorrow marks the forty year anniversary of the march on Washington and martin luther king's speech.
Jennifer Miller is in our nation's capitol as it prepares to remember.
(///// SOT /////)
[SOT]
[IN Q=]
[SUPER=04-August 23, 1963;]
[SUPER=01-Rep. John Lewis/(D) Georgia;]
[SUPER=01-Jennifer Miller/CBS News]
[SUPER=01-Martin Luther King, III/SCLC;]
[RUNS=:00]
[OUT Q=CBS NEWS Washington;]
((FORTY YEARS AFTER DOCTOR MARTIN LUTHER KING JUNIOR DELIVERED THOSE
FAMOUS LINES HIS WORDS CONTINUE TO SPEAK TO AMERICANS.
(ALEXANDRA COVE, AGE 7)
Only they have different skin color, it doesnt mean they are all
different, it just means they are just born like that.
BUT IN 1963 BEING BLACK MEANT BEING A SECOND CLASS CITIZEN FIGHTING
FOR EQUALITY.
(NATS OF RIOTS)
THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON AND KINGS I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH STEPPED UP
PRESSURE ON CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION. JOHN LEWIS ....NOW A RESPECTED
CONGRESSMAN WAS THE YOUNGEST TO SPEAK.
REP. JOHN LEWIS (D) GA
We are a better country and a better people because of the march on
Washington. (5 secs)
(STANDUP)
BUT TO SOME AMERICANS KINGS VISION OF A NATION FREE OF RACIAL
DISCRIMINATION IS STILL JUST A DREAM.
KIRK CLAY/ WASHINGTON DC
so much has changed since MLKs speech but so much has not changed
MARGARET BROWN/ SOUTH BEND INIDIANA
I think theres a lot of work to be done.
WORK TO BE DONE ON ISSUES LIKE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, HEALTHCARE, EQUAL
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND ENDING RACIAL PROFILING.
MARTIN LUTHER KING, III/ SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE
we dont want to have a dialog really about race. We want to act like
everything is alright and it really isnt.
AFTER 40 YEARS .... THE ROAD TO EQUALITY IS LONG AND DIFFICULT ... BUT
FOR JOHN LEWIS AND THE THOSE WHO HAVE JOINED HIM ON HIS JOURNEY...IT IS
THE ONLY PATH TO BE FOLLOWED.))
[Close-ID]
[5pm]
SUPER=x4035; fax/copyright
[SUPER=x4034;email/copyright]
by SS