12:00-01

NOON-HEADLINES

TALENT=Melanie
(----------------)
VO-NAT


Opening arguments have started at the Oklahoma Bombing trial.
(----------------)
ANCHOR=Melanie


And a grand jury has indicted two former Virginia Tech football players on rape charges.
(/////////////)
TALENT=Patrick
SS=None


Clouds are slowly clearing out, and we're looking for some sunshine this weekend, starting tomorrow. I'll have all the details, plus the latest from the baseball diamond in sports.
(//////////)


Stay with us, News 7 at Noon is next.

OK-TRIAL


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=NOON
WRITER=MEL
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=ok trial


Heavy snow is falling outside the Denver Courthouse where opening statements are being heard at this hour in the case against Timothy McVeigh.
The Gulf War veteran could get the death penalty if convicted of murder and conspiracy in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah building two years ago in Oklahoma City.
It was the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U-S history.
168 people were killed and hundreds more injured.
Survivors of the blast will be among the first witnesses to take the witness stand.
Prosecutors will also use audio and video tapes of the April 19th explosion.
Lee Cowan joins us from Denver with more. ********take from NEWSPATH*****
SUPER=05-Denver, CO;
SUPER=01-Lee Cowan/Reporting;
(/////SOT/////)
SOT
IN Q=
SUPER=03-Denver, CO;
SUPER=01-Marsha Kight/Mother of Victim;
SUPER=01-David Lane/Colorado University Law Professor;
RUNS=:00
OUT Q=BACK TO YOU.

(( THIS IS IT. THE DAY THE PROSECUTION GETS TO POINT ITS FINGER. THE DAY THE DEFENSE CAN POINT IT BACK.. THE DAY VICTIM'S FAMILY AND FRIENDS HAVE BEEN BOTH WANTING, AND DREADING. MARSHA KIGHT//MOTHER OF VICTIM: "There's no other choice, it's something that we've got to go through."
IT IS THE DAY THE WORST CASE OF DOMESTIC TERRORISM FINALLY GOES TO TRIAL....OPENING STATEMENTS ARE UNDERWAY. DAVID LANE//COLORADO UNIVERSITY LAW PROFESSOR"You only get one chance to make a good impression."
THE SEVEN MEN AND FIVE WOMEN WHO WILL RECEIVE THAT FIRST IMPRESSION SAT QUIETLY BEHIND A SCREEN....ANONYMOUS AND INVISIBLE TO THE PRESS...BUT IN CLEAR VIEW OF FAMILY MEMBERS. STEVEN HARTZLER, THE GOVERNMENT'S LEAD ATTORNEY WAS UP FIRST....SLOWLY LAYING OUT A CASE BUILD ON THOUSANDS OF INTERVIEWS, REAMS OF DOCUMENTS, BOXES FULL OF VIDEOS, AND EMOTION...LOTS OF EMOTION.
HE'S EXPECTED TO DO THAT BY TAKING THE COURTROOM BACK TO THE MORNING OF APRIL 19TH...SHOWING THE IMAGES SO MANY AMERICANS WILL NEVER FORGET...OF THE HUSBANDS, THE WIVES, AND CHILDREN...KILLED OR INJURED....IN THE BLAST THAT SHOOK THE NERVES OF AN ENTIRE COUNTRY.
THE DEFENSE SAT THROUGH IT ALL...MCVEIGH LOOKING INTENT, AND INVOLVED...STEVEN JONES WAITING FOR HIS TURN AT THE PODIUM TO TELL A DIFFERENT STORY...A STORY WHICH FEW KNOW...A STORY THAT MAY PUT ENOUGH DOUBT IN JURORS MINDS TO MAKE MCVEIGH A FREE MAN. "The Prosecution is expected to finish up shortly and then it's the Defense's turn....if it goes as quickly as expected, the Prosecution's first witness could take the stand by as early as this afternoon. Lee Cowan, CBS News, Denver."))

E-Crawford-Edmonds


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=tal
TAPE#97-12
GRAPHIC=Legal Scales


Two former Virginia Tech football players will stand trial this fall for sexual assault.
James Crawford and Brian Edmonds are facing rape and sodomy charges.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=@File;


A Montgomery County grand jury returned indictments against the men yesterday.
Their accuser told News-7 the students had a party at their apartment last December and she stayed behind after it was over.
She said the two, whom she considered her friends, took advantage of her while she was drunk.
Crawford and Edmonds are both scheduled for trial September eighth.
(----------------)


E-Rosser


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=spr
TAPE#97-15
GRAPHIC=Murder Investigation


And in Pittsylvania County there will be NO trial for the grade schooler accused of killing his stepfather.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Pittsylvania Co.


After a 45-minute hearing in Juvenile Court charges were dismissed against the eight- year- old.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT 14:25:38
IN Q=I think

((GLENN BERGER/CHILD'S ATTORNEY: I THINK THE COURT MADE A FAIR DECISION HERE. IT WAS PROPER FROM ALL THE FACTS IN THE CASE. I DO BELIEVE THE YOUNG MAN'S INNOCENT. AND IF IT EVER GOT TO THAT ISSUE... IF IT HAD GOTTEN THERE. I BELIEVE THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN SHOWN. ))
SUPER=01-Glenn Berger/Child's Attorney;
RUNS=:14
OUT Q=been shown
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=04-Franklin News-Post


Four months ago, the boy's stepfather, 55- year- old Bernard Rosser was found dead
SUPER=04-December;

inside the family's Gretna home.
An autopsy showed he died from a severe blow to the head.
(----------------)
ANCHOR=Melanie
SS=none


No one involved in yesterday's hearing would talk about the boy's future.
But authorities outside of the case say the court has now lost its authority to determine where the child lives. flooding

GRAPHIC=Melanie



ANCHOR=melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=mel
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=flooding


The crest of the swollen Red River continues its path of destruction forcing evacuations as far north as Winnipeg, Canada.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Grand Forks, ND;


Meanwhile, the "Red" is beginning to recede in flood ravaged Grand Forks, North Dakota.
Some residents are even being allowed to return to their homes for a few hours today to assess damage and collect belongings.
The river is also falling at Fargo.
(----------------)

WIPE/WIPE/WIPE/

E-Red-Cross


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=JoeD
TAPE#97-18
GRAPHIC=wipe wipe wipe
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Roanoke;


Roanokers are joining the flood relief in Fargo.
Red Cross Chapter Manager Tom Brown left for the city yesterday.
He will help feed or shelter the thousands of flood victims.
With earlier floods in the Ohio Valley, it's been a busy Spring for the Red Cross.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT
IN Q=We're anticipating this one

((TOM BROWN/CHAPTER MANAGER: WE'RE ANTICIPATING THIS ONE UP IN FARGO TO BE A 10 MILLION DOLLAR JOB JUST FOR THE RED CROSS AND ADDED ON TO THE OTHERS WE'VE HAD, WE'RE PROBABLY LOOKING AT SOMEWHERE AROUND 25 MILLION WHICH IS A LARGE SPRING.))
SUPER=01-Tom Brown/American Red Cross;
RUNS=:14
OUT Q=which is a large spring.
ANCHOR=Melanie
SS=none


More Red Cross volunteers are headed out later this week.

E-D'ville-Fatal


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=JJA
TAPE#97-23
GRAPHIC=Fatal Ax


A single car accident killed an 18- year- old Danville woman minutes from her home.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Pittsylvania Co.;


This was the scene- on route 3-60 in Pittsylvania County last night.
State police say (Shereecka) Sureka LaShone Brown lost control of her car- skidded off the road and slammed into a tree.
State police say Brown died at the scene.
The accident blocked traffic in both directions on 3-60 for at least an hour.
(----------------)


Plane-search


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=mel
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=none


After spending the night on a snowy Colorado mountain, a four man search team is again scouring today for more pieces of wreckage from that missing A-Ten warplane.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Eagle Co., CO;


The team is also looking for remains of the jet's pilot, Captain Craig Button.
Yesterday, the Air Force confirmed that the wreckage in the Colorado Rockies is Button's plane.
But so far there has been no sign of a body.
The search team could be on the mountain for a couple more days, weather permitting.
(----------------)



MISSING-CLERKS


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=MEL
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=none


A massive search is underway in Clarksville, Tennessee this afternoon for two missing ice cream store clerks.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Clarksville, TN;


Police believe 16- year- old Michelle Mace and 21- year- old Angela Holmes were abducted last night during a robbery at a Baskin Robbins store.
Police say the store's security camera tape is gone, and money was taken from the cash register and safe.
(----------------)



E-Reed


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=JJA
TAPE#97-22
GRAPHIC=RALPH REED


The Christian Coalition is looking for a new leader.
Ralph Reed stepped down after eight years.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT 13;07:06
IN Q=

((RALPH REED: THE SHORT ANSWER IS I NEVER REALLY INTENDED TO MAKE A CAREER OUT OF THIS JOB. ))
RUNS=:03
OUT Q=of this job."
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Washington DC;


Reed is forming his own political consulting firm, Century Strategies.
Reed says the coalition will be energized by new people and ideas.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT 13:07:40
IN Q=

((RALPH REED/CHRISTIAN COALITION: I ALSO BELIEVE IT'S IMPORTANT FOR AN ORGANIZATION TO BE BUILT AROUND PRINCIPLES AND NOT AROUND PERSONALITIES.))
SUPER=01-Ralph Reed/Christian Coalition Exec. Dir.;
RUNS=:07
OUT Q=NOT AROUND PERSONALITIES."
ANCHOR=Melanie
SS=HOLD


Reed says his departure is amicable.
He'll remain on the group's board of directors and help search for a successor.

E-Stump


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=eea
TAPE#97-13
GRAPHIC=Stump


Bill Stump will spend more than two years in prison for illegal possession of silencers.
Judge Jackson Kiser originally sentenced Stump to two MONTHS, but a higher court ruled Kiser could not depart from federal sentencing guidelines.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Roanoke;


So Stump was re-sentenced yesterday afternoon.
This time Kiser gave him the MINIMUM sentence allowed by the guidelines.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT 13:28:34
IN Q=I think the case

((DON WOLTHUIS/U.S. ATTORNEY; I THINK THE CASE WENT THROUGH THE SYSTEM AS IT SHOULD. HE HAD HIS DAY IN COURT, HE HAD HIS DAY BEFORE THE 4TH CIRCUIT, AND THE COURT SENTENCE WAS APPROPRIATE UNDER THE RULING OF THE FOURTH CIRCUIT. ))
SUPER=01-Don Wolthuis/Prosecutor
RUNS=:11
OUT Q=the fourth circuit
ANCHOR=Melanie
SS=HOLD


Stump is serving as his own attorney.
Kiser refused his request to remain free on bond while preparing a Supreme Court appeal.
He said Stump could easily file the appeal from prison.

RAMSEY-LETTER


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=NOON
WRITER=MEL
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=murder investigation


After finally setting up interviews with JonBenet Ramsey's parents, police say they canceled on advice from the F-B-I.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Boulder, CO;


The separate interviews with John and Patsy Ramsey were to be held yesterday, but the F-B-I said the terms of the interview were unacceptable.
The Ramsey's have now fired off a letter calling the investigation a campaign of leaks and smears.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT
IN Q=

7:06:48 (( HAL HADDON:IT'S INEXPLICABLE THAT THEY THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE WOULD RATHER LEAK INFORMATION THAN CONDUCT AN OBJECTIVE INTERVIEW. ))
SUPER=01-Hal Haddon/Ramsey Attorney;
RUNS=:10
OUT Q=an objective interview.
(----------------)
VO-NAT


Neither side will say what the terms were.
SUPER=@File;


Six year old JonBenet was found beaten and strangled in the family's basement the day after Christmas.
(----------------)


Air-bags


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=mel
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=air bags


The country's number two auto maker is depowering its air bags.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=@File;

8:13:25
Ford has announced plans to equip all its 19-98 model cars and trucks with less forceful air safety bags.
The move will make Ford the first to use them on all vehicles sold in North America.
G-M and Chrysler say they will use the less potent bags in about half of their '98 models.
Government regulators gave the go-ahead for the depowered bags last month.
(----------------)



Liver-Cells


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=Noon
WRITER=lba
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=none


Thousands of Americans die each year waiting for a liver transplant.
A new procedure that simply involves injecting liver cells into the body may buy time for many of these people until a transplant is available.
Dr. Dave Hnida reports.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT
IN Q=
SUPER=03-Denver, CO; :00
SUPER=01-Dr. Barhi Bilir/Liver Specialist; :32 QUICK
SUPER=01-Dr. Dave Hnida/Reporting; 1:08
RUNS=1:26
OUT Q=for CBS NEws

(( When Steve DeVine developed liver failure, he went from healthy to deathly ill within a matter of weeks.
Sot: Steve DeVine, Liver Failure Patient: "Steve needed a new liver, but was too sick to survive major transplant surgery."
Doctors at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center turned to an experimental procedure called a liver cell transplant.
Instead of transplanting an entire liver, individual liver cells are injected into a patients spleen within 24 hours, the liver cells begin to function.
Sot: Dr. Barhi Bilir, Liver Specialist: "The good thing about liver cells is they do form their structure. in the spleen."
Liver cells can buy people time, including those who need a transplant when no organs are available.
And people like Steve who are too ill for a full transplant.
Sot: Dr.: "It is possible that we may be able to make sick patients less sick so they can wait for their turn."
Steve had the liver cells injected 8 months ago, the cells continue to function.
Sot: Dr.: "He's done wonderful in fact we weren't even expecting he was going to do this well...it's very exciting...doctors aren't sure how long injected liver cells will continue to function. It could be weeks, months, or even years. In any case, the liver cell injections can be repeated while a person waits for a transplant to become available.
HNIDA ON CAM TAG: NOW DOCTORS AREN'T SURE HOW LONG THE INJECTED LIVER CELLS WILL CONTINUE TO FUNCTION. IT COULD BE WEEKS, MONTHS, OR MAYBE EVEN YEARS. IN ANY CASE, DR.'S SAY THAT THE CELL INJECTIONS CAN BE REPEATED, IF NECESSARY, WHILE A PERSON WAITS FOR A NEW LIVER.
IN DENVER, I'M DR. DAVE HNIDA FOR CBS NEWS.))

p-bug-exhibit


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=afr
TAPE#597-13
GRAPHIC=NONE


Eleven-MILLION bugs invaded a Martinsville residence, but no one plans to call the exterminator.
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Martinsville;


That's because the insects are a gift from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.
Currently they're calling the basement of the Virginia Museum of Natural History "home".
The museum's entomologist says throughout history, Virginia has put too much attention on cultural history.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT 4:56:20
IN Q=WHAT WE ARE

((RICHARD HOFFMAN/ENTOMOLOGIST: WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO IS MAKE UP FOR 200 YEARS OF BENIGN NEGLECT OF VIRGINIA NATURAL HISTORY.))
SUPER=01-Richard Hoffman/Entomologist;
RUNS=:04
OUT Q=virginia natural history.
(----------------)
VO-NAT


Hoffman's research team is painstakingly cataloging the insects, which were collected in four Virginia Counties.
The process involves sorting through 173 jars of insects, and then labeling and mounting them on pins.
Hoffman says insects are vital to Virginia's ecology-- they help preserve topsoil, and pollinate most plants in Virginia.
That's why he HATES bug zappers..
(/////SOT/////)
SOT 5:01:38
IN Q=THE MOSQUITOES

((THE MOSQUITOES ARE JUST NO ATTRACTED TO BLACK LIGHT, SO IT'S NOT ATTRIBUTED TO BLACK LIGHT, SO IT'S NOT JUST THE AMOUNT OF THE ELECTRIC CURRENT, BUT IT'S ALSO A TERRIBLE DRAIN ON THE ECOSYSTEM, SO I DEPLORE THE USE OF BUG ZAPPERS.))
RUNS=:13
OUT Q=BUG ZAPPERS
(////////////////)

home page full screen
You can learn more about insects and the museum-- by checking out the News 7 home page at W- W- W- dot- W-D-B-J-7- dot- COM.
(----------------)


China-Circus


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=abo
TAPE#net
GRAPHIC=none


After 31 years, the Big-Top circus is back in China.
(----------------)
VO-NAT

10:11:17
SUPER=03-Beijing, China;


Crowds streamed in for the first appearance of the interactive circus since the government shut them down in 19-66.
Circuses were allowed in the late seventies but only in large stadiums for masses of people.
Now the Big-top is back in its full glory and for many in Beijing, it's their first time.
(----------------)

WEATHER
SUPER=300-55/66/W 8mph/29.75r/90/1960/32/1982;
SUPER=301-53/66/Variable 5mph/29.74r/95/1925/32/1922;

Forecasts
SUPER=X5000;
SUPER=330-Partly/Cloudy/41-44/Partly/Sunny/63-67;
SUPER=331-Partly/Cloudy/42-46/Partly/Sunny/65-69;
SUPER=332-Partly Cloudy/& Foggy/36-40/Morning Fog/Partly Cloudy/58-62;
SUPER=333-Partly/Cloudy/40-43/Partly/Sunny/60-64;
SUPER=334-Mostly CLoudy/& Foggy/36-40/Morning Fog/Partly Cloudy/58-62;
SUPER=X5001;



NHL


ANCHOR=Patrick
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=Mike
TAPE#net (edit of ICE-97)
GRAPHIC=stanley cup


They're still fighting for the Stanley Cup as six teams took to the ice last night.
(----------------)
VO-NAT eng#
SUPER=03-New York, NY/Panthers vs. Rangers - Game 4;


Wayne Gretsky put on a show in the Rangers-Panthers match up.
He ties the game in the second.
Then he almost rips John Vanbiesbrouck's head off with rocket shot from 10 feet away.
Finally he gets the game winner. Rangers win 3-to-2 and lead the series 3 games to 1.
SUPER=03-Pittsburgh, PA/Flyers vs. Pens - Game 4;


In Pittsburgh Mario Lemieux scored his second of the playoffs to help the Penguins take away the 4-to-1 victory.
(-------------)
ANCHOR=Patrick
SS=STANLEY CUP


The Buffalo-Ottawa contest went to overtime with Ottawa winning game four 1-to-nothing.

Bonds


ANCHOR=Patrick
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=Mike
TAPE#net (edit of S6-27)
GRAPHIC=BRAVES/GIANTS


The National League's regional front runners met out west yesterday.
The Giants got the best of the Braves.
(----------------)
VO-NAT eng#
SUPER=03-San Francisco, CA/Braves vs. Giants - TBS;:00


Barry Bonds lifts the Tom Glavine offering down the left field line and past the outstretched glove of a diving Ryan Klesko, who hits the dirt and decides to stay there for awhile.
Bonds, meanwhile motors around the bases for the inside the park homer.
SUPER=35-Atlanta/3/San Francisco/4;


Jose Viscaino and Glen Allen Hill score in front of Bonds and the Giants beat the Braves 4-TO-3.
(-------------)

WIPE WIPE WIPE

Wright


ANCHOR=Patrick
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=Mike
TAPE#S7-1
GRAPHIC=Wipe Wipe Wipe
(----------------)
VO-NAT eng#
SUPER=03-Denver, CO/Marlins vs. Rockies; :00


former Salem Avalanche star Jamey Wright improved his record to 3-and-1 yesterday and padded his batting average to boot.
Wright led the Rockies to a 7-to-3 win over the Marlins by getting two hits and two r-b-i's, and pitching six strong innings.
(-------------)



NBA


ANCHOR=Patrick
NEWSCAST=Noon
WRITER=lba
TAPE#none
GRAPHIC=nba


Eight teams will lace up the sneakers for tonight's opening games of the N-B-A Playoffs.
The New York Knicks will host Charlotte, Miami entertains Orlando, Minnesota

is at Houston and the L-A Clippers visit Utah.

Chip


ANCHOR=Patrick
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=Mike
TAPE#S7-2
GRAPHIC=CHIP SULLIVAN


Chip Sullivan returned to the P-G-A tour today for his first event in three weeks.
The former teaching pro at Hanging Rock teed off this morning, starting on hole number 10.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT
IN Q="It's gonna be...

((CHIP SULLIVAN/PGA TOURING PRO:))
SUPER=01-Chip Sullivan/PGA Touring Pro; :00
RUNS=:10
OUT Q=...AND PLAY WELL."
(-------------)
ANCHOR=Patrick
SS=CHIP SULLIVAN


If you can't catch Chip today he plays his second round on Friday with an afternoon tee time.
SS=GREENSBORO CLASSIC


You can catch the final two rounds of the Greensboro Classic this Saturday and Sunday right here on Your Hometown Station.

Series-Promo


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=Noon
WRITER=lbe
TAPE#none
GRAPHIC=none


Coming up on News 7 at 6 and 11..
For years Norfolk Southern has been accused of dumping bags of human waste on a Bedford County farm. take fullscreen board
The railroad has suggested this is the only place it's being reported.
But in part two of "Hopping Mad at N-S", Len Besthoff explains there are reports of other bags landing near tracks N-S uses in Virginia and out of state.
ANCHOR=Melanie


That's at 6 and 11...
(prime time promo ad lib)


Daughters-Work


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=Noon
WRITER=kmc
TAPE#97-11
GRAPHIC=none


Parents across the country are giving their daughters a taste of the "real world" today.
It's the national "Take Our Daughters to Work Day".
(----------------)
VO-NAT
SUPER=03-Roanoke Co.;


Hollins College is one of the local participants this year.
Girls aged nine to 15 were busy tackling all sorts of duties throughout the campus-- while getting some valuable work experience.
Molly Steele spent the morning helping out in the mail room.
(/////SOT/////)
SOT 11:17:10
IN Q=It's really neat

((MOLLY STEELE: IT'S REALLY NEAT, AND MY MOM WORKS HERE AND I'M A LOT LIKE MY MOM. SO, I THINK I'LL WORK HERE. ))
SUPER=07-Molly Steele;
RUNS=:05
OUT Q=work here
(----------------)
VO-NAT


The day- long program at Hollins features work experience activities, followed by some physical work.
(----------------)
ANCHOR=MELANIE
SS=none


Those taking part will visit the Hollins Outdoor Program climbing wall, as well as the swimming and riding centers.

Secretary


ANCHOR=Melanie
NEWSCAST=noon
WRITER=aje
TAPE#net (edit of 04:50:31)
GRAPHIC=NONE


Today might be take our daughter to work day, but yesterday was national Secretary's Day.
(----------------)
VO-NAT


And in Oregon, secretaries celebrated to the beat of a different drummer -- or should we say sledgehammer. machine into a pile of junk. (----------------) These receptionists observed their special day by beating an office copy
by SS