This thesis chronicles and examines the development of civil defense under
the Truman administration. Both Washington's politicians and various atomic
scientists embraced civil defense planning as a method of combating the Cold
War and ensuring domestic national security. These efforts resulted in the
Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA). The FCDA was the product of
unrealistic assumptions and poor planning. Congress consistently allotted the
agency unsubstantial yearly operating budgets, and consequently the FCDA
always remained in the shadow of the larger military effort. Under the Truman
administration, the FCDA was materially unsuccessful, because its nationwide
shelter program never came to fruition. The civil defense administration's public
information program, however, was modestly successful in that it raised public
awareness of the possibility of atomic attack.