The objective of this dissertation was to investigate physical characteristics of high speed gas-liquid interfaces for the cases of subsonic, transonic, and supersonic gas jets submerged underwater and the transient development of an underwater projectile reaching the supercavitating state. These studies are motivated by the need to understand the basic physics associated with a novel submersible missile launcher termed the Water Piercing Missile Launcher (WPML).
This dissertation presents the first study of high speed round and rectangular gas jets submerged underwater utilizing a global optical measurement technique. This technique allows quantitative measurement of the entire gas jet and the interfacial motion. Experimental results indicate that the penetration of the gas jets into a quiescent liquid is strongly influenced by the injection mass flow and the nozzle geometry. In contrast, the oscillations of the interface are influenced by the injection Mach number. The transition from a momentum driven to a buoyant jet is determined using a characteristic length scale that appears to be in good agreement with experimental observations. Moreover, the unsteadiness of the interface appears to be governed by both Kevin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities.
This dissertation also contains the first study of a projectile accelerating to reach the supercavitating state. Experimental results show that the transient development of the supercavity is governed by the formation of a vortex ring. Nuclei are shed from the forebody of the accelerating projectile and are entrained in the vortex ring core where they are subjected to low pressure and subsequently expand rapidly. A characteristic time scale for this supercavity development is presented.
