This study examined the effects of six weeks of velocity specific isokinetic training on
peak torque (PT), and the estimated cross-sectional area of the upper arm (AG) in the
trained. Thirty volunteers (M=15, F=15) were randomly assigned to an experimental, slow
velocity group (S), 60 degrees-per-second (n=9; 25.4±..6.5yr), a fast velocity group (F),
450 degrees-per-second (n=ll, 23.7 ±..S.4yr), or control group (C) (n=10, 26 ± 3.2yr).
One limb was randomly selected for isokinetic training (3 d/wk-elbow flexion) using a
Biodex System 2 isokinetic dynamometer. The contralateral limb served as a control and
as the basis for measurements measure of cross education (CE). Both experimental
conditions (S) and (F) were assigned equal training workloads, calcu1ated from an
isokinetic pre-test. Pre- and post-tests (PT) were recorded for both limbs at the training
velocities of 60 and 450 degrees-per-second, as well as the velocity of 210 degrees-per-second.
Pre and post-test (AG's) were measured on the training limb. The (S) condition
was significantly different in strength gains from the control at 60 degrees-per-second, but
not different from the fast velocity group in the trained limb. The (F) condition was
significantly different in strength gains from the control at 450 degrees-per-second, but not
different from the slow velocity group in the the trained limb. The conditions were not
significantly different from each other in the trained limb at the test velocity of 210
degrees-per-second. The three conditions significantly different from each at the test
velocity of 60 degrees-per-second in the trained limb. The conditions did not differ in
strength at velocities of 210 and 450 degrees-per-second in the trained limb. The
conditions did not differ in the cross-sectional area of the upper arm in the trained limb.
The (S) and (F) training conditions improved (PT) by 12.36% and 18.84% at their respective training velocities of 60 and 450 degrees-per-second. These improvements were
significantly (p<.05) larger than (C). The (S) and (F) training conditions also increased
(PT) by 11.56% and 11.24% at the non-training velocity of 210 degrees-per-second
(p<.05). Significant 10.77% (p<.05) improvement in (AG) was recorded in the (S)
condition. No changes in (PT) were recorded in the contralateral limb within the three
conditions. These data support the concept of limited (S) and (F) hi-directional (PT)
overflow and (S) velocity hypertrophy enhancement. The presence of cross education
(CE) was not supported by this investigation.
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