Type of Document	Dissertation
Author	Gaines, Rodney Perry
Author's Email Address	rgaines@vt.edu
URN	etd-10122001-163230
Title	Comparison of Anthropometric Measures of Competitive Bodybuilders to Judges' Scores and a Comparison of Judges' Scores
Degree	PhD
Department	Education Curriculum and Instruction
Advisory Committee	Advisor Name Title Redican, Kerry J. Committee Chair Wojcik, Janet R. Committee Co-Chair Fortune, Jimmie C. Committee Member Krouscas, James A. Jr. Committee Member Stratton, Richard K. Committee Member
Keywords	reliability bodyfat athletes judging bodybuilding anthropometrics
Date of Defense	2001-08-08
Availability	unrestricted
Abstract Comparison of Anthropometric Measures of competitive Bodybuilders to Judges' Scores and a Comparison of Judges' Scores By Rodney P. Gaines Abstract This research compared physical characteristics of bodybuilders to judges' rankings, and compared the judges' rankings across three levels of judges: Elite, Trained, and Untrained. Twenty-nine male and nine female bodybuilding athletes consented to anthropometric and circumference measurements. The independent variables in this study were bodyfat, fat-free weight, and proportionality of muscle. Three groups of judges ranked male and female athletes in the Open, Novice, Collegiate, and Masters divisions. The measurements of proportionality of muscle, bodyfat, girths, and fat-free weight were analyzed using simple and multiple regression. The judges' rankings in each class were compared using reliability coefficients, correlation, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the generalized theory for inter-rater reliability. There were significant correlations between the Elite judges' rankings and bodyfat in the Men's Open lightweight class. The Trained and Elite judges' rankings were significantly correlated with bodyfat in the Women's Novice class. Fat-free weight was significantly correlated with the Untrained and Elite judges' rankings in the Women's Novice division. Proportionality of muscle was significantly correlated with the Elite and Trained judges' rankings in the Men's Open lightweight class. Elite and Trained judges' rankings were significantly correlated with bodyfat and proportionality of muscle. All three groups of judges' were significantly correlated with the Overall rankings. The Trained judges' rankings were more correlated and more reliable with the Elite judges. The inter-rater reliability scores were higher for the Elite and Trained judges than for the Untrained judges. When fat-free weight was substituted for body weight in the calculation of proportionality of muscle, prediction of ranking was enhanced. The education session led to a significant disparity in judges' rankings between Trained and Untrained judges. Bodyfat appears to be a better selection variable when comparing physical measurements to judges' rankings in women. Proportionality of muscle is a better selection variable in predicting judges' rankings in men. Prediction models developed from this investigation need further testing.
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