Plywood is composed of several thin layers of wood bonded together by
glue. The adhesive integrity of the glue formulation employed must surpass
the structural integrity of the wood species within a given panel of plywood.
The American Plywood Association (APA) regularly tests the plywood produced
at various plywood manufacturing plants to ensure that this particular
performance requirement is consistently met. One of the procedures used
by the APA to test this requirement consists of 1) milling a plywood panel
to be tested into small rectangular blocks called samples, 2) conditioning
these samples with various treatments to simulate natural aging, 3) shearing
each sample into two halves, and 4) estimating the percent wood failure (as
opposed to glue failure) produced by the shear by visually inspecting these
sample halves. A region of solid wood or a region of wood fibers embedded
in glue on the shear of a sample half is a region of wood failure while a region
of glue is a region of glue failure. If the wood failure of samples from a
significant number of panels is too low, the right to use APA trademarks is
withdrawn from the plant where the sampling occurred. Since measurements
obtained by human visual inspection can contain inaccuracies due to fatigue,
boredom, state of mind, etc., an automatic vision system to determine percent
wood failure is proposed. The method presented is a refinement of the
method developed by McMillin and is divided into three tasks. The first task
is to locate the area of shear on a given sample half. The second task is to
distinguish the areas of wood from the areas of glue on the shear of a sample
half. Solid wood is distinguished from glue based on the difference in gray
level intensity that exists between solid wood and glue. Wood fiber is distinguished
from glue based on the difference in texture, i.e., edge patterns, that
exists between fiber and glue. The third task is to compare the areas of shear
on the two sample halves comprising a sample to determine the percent wood
failure of the sample.
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