Type of Document Master's Thesis Author Ibrahim, Mazlan Author's Email Address mibrahim@vt.edu URN etd-2998-114756 Title Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction Degree Master of Science Department Wood Science and Forest Products Advisory Committee
Advisor Name Title Glasser, Wolfgang G. Committee Chair Agblevor, Foster Aryi Committee Member Helm, Richard Frederick Committee Member Keywords
- Red oak (Quercus rubra)
- Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)
- Hydrothermal process
- Cellulose
- Lignin
- Hemicelluloses
- Summative analysis.
Date of Defense 1998-02-24 Availability unrestricted Abstract The fractionation of two biomass resources, red oak (Quercus rubra) chips and oil palm(Elaeis guineensis) trunk solids, into constitutive chemical components, cellulose,
hemicelluloses (called "other carbohydrates") and non-carbohydrates (includes lignin,
tannins, etc.), was studied quantitatively in terms of relative cleanness. Red oak chips
were steam exploded using a batch reactor at five different treatment severities, Ro 5,000,
10,000, 15,000, 20,000 and 35,000. Steam exploded fibers (SEF) of each severity were
extracted with water and alkali. Mass fractionation and summative analysis data of all
solid biomass fractions were determined. These data were interpreted in term of a
unifying clean fractionation concept designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the
fractionation processes. Within a series of severities applied to a single biomass resource,
the quantitative clean fractionation can be used to choose an optimum severity for the
isolation of any particular component fraction. The red oak results revealed that 25 % (on
average) of biomass solids were lost during steam explosion. Cellulose remained almost
unaffected (retained in fibers form) by water and alkali extraction. About 35-55 % of the
hemicelluloses can be recovered in the water extracted liquor fraction (WEL). The
remaining non-cellulosic carbohydrates were lost during steam explosion, especially at
high severity. At Ro 10,000 and above, alkali extracted fibers (AEF) consists almost
entirely of cellulose and non-carbohydrates. The majority of the non-carbohydrates
component (> 50 %) can be isolated by alkali extraction. The non-carbohydrate
component harvested increased with severity to 67 % at Ro 35,000.
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