ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CHAPTER 1.

General Introduction.............................................................................................................................p. 1-1

Purpose.....................................................................................................................................p. 1-1

Description and origin................................................................................................................p. 1-3

Present distribution....................................................................................................................p. 1-5

Conservation efforts...................................................................................................................p. 1-6

CHAPTER 2.

GENERAL METHODS..............................................................................................................................p. 2-1

Introduction..................................................................................................................................p. 2-1

Stages of breeding cycle................................................................................................................p. 2-2

• Nest inspection..........................................................................................................p. 2-2
• Incubation.................................................................................................................p. 2-2
• Nestling.....................................................................................................................p. 2-3
• Fledging.....................................................................................................................p. 2-3

Study area.....................................................................................................................................p. 2-3

Subjects.........................................................................................................................................p. 2-4

• SF2B..........................................................................................................................p. 2-4
• QG.............................................................................................................................p. 2-4
• SF2A..........................................................................................................................p. 2-5
• SF1A..........................................................................................................................p. 2-5
• EF #3..........................................................................................................................p. 2-6
• EM..............................................................................................................................p. 2-6

Data Collection...............................................................................................................................p. 2-8

• Breeding season stages................................................................................................p. 2-8
• Recording procedures..................................................................................................p. 2-8

CHAPTER 3.

VOCAL REPERTOIRE

Introduction...........................................................................................................................................p. 3-1

• Gradations within call categories.........................................................................................p. 3-2

Methods..................................................................................................................................................p 3-3

• Equipment and procedure.....................................................................................................p. 3-3
• Categorization of vocal repertoire........................................................................................p. 3-3
• Categorization of graded signals...........................................................................................p. 3-4

Results.....................................................................................................................................................p. 3-6

Discussion................................................................................................................................................p. 3-7

• Functions of vocal repertoire................................................................................................p. 3-7
• Uses of graded signals..........................................................................................................p. 3-10

CHAPTER 4.

DIALECTS AND SEX-SPECIFICITY

Introduction...............................................................................................................................................p. 4-1

• Sex-specificity within dialects..................................................................................................p. 4-4
• duets..............................................................................................................................p. 4-5

Methods.......................................................................................................................................................p. 4-7

• Comparing differences in content of call repertoires within and between groups.......................p. 4-7
• Comparing differences in vocal behavior within and between groups.........................................p. 4-7
• Terminology - duets..................................................................................................................p. 4-7

Results.........................................................................................................................................................p. 4-9

• Differences in content of call repertoire within and between groups..........................................p. 4-9
• Call types........................................................................................................................p. 4-9
• Call categories.................................................................................................................p. 4-10
• Calls................................................................................................................................p. 4-10
• Regional differences in graded calls within a category......................................................p. 4-12
• Regional differences in parameters of graded calls within a call category..........................p. 4-12

• Regional differences in vocal behavior and call sequencing..........................................................p. 4-14
• Solo call sequences............................................................................................................p. 4-15
• pair-mate duet sequences..................................................................................................p. 4-17

CHAPTER 5.

INDIVIDUAL RECOGNITION

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................p. 5-1

• Methods and results...................................................................................................................p. 5-4
• Bird-call pairing................................................................................................................p. 5-4
• Methods..................................................................................................................p. 5-5
• Results....................................................................................................................p. 5-6
• Western pairs..................................................................................................p. 5-6
• Eastern pairs...................................................................................................p. 5-7
• Frequency content from fourier transforms (sonagrams).............................................................p. 5-8
• Methods.............................................................................................................................p. 5-8
• General results..................................................................................................................p. 5-8
• Comparison of variables among males........................................................................p. 5-8
• Comparison of variables among females......................................................................p. 5-9
• Linear predictive coding analysis...................................................................................................p. 5-9
• Methods..............................................................................................................................p. 5-9
• Results................................................................................................................................p. 5-12
• Discussion...........................................................................................................................p. 5-14
• LPC analysis versus sonagraphic analysis.....................................................................p. 5-14
• LPC coefficients.........................................................................................................p. 5-15
• The next step..............................................................................................................p. 5-16

CHAPTER SIX.

Management Recommendations for Release of Captive-raised Parrots ..................................................p. 6-1

TABLE OF FIGURES

TABLE OF TABLES

REFERENCES

Appendix A: Call repertoire

Appendix B: Call identification keys

Appendix C: Linear predictive coding

Appendix D: Catalogue of LPC coefficients for HP01 calls of individuals in this study

Appendix E: Literature cited