TABLE OF FIGURES AND SOUND FILES

Chapter 4.

Description of figure 4-1 and figure 4-2

Figure 4-1: A duet sequence between pair-mates out of visual contact (eastern pair)

Figure 4-2: A duet sequence between pair-mates out of visual contact (western pair)

Description of figure 4-3 and figure 4-4

Figure 4-3: An example of a simultaneous duet between pair-mates

Figure 4-4: An example of a simultaneous duet between pair-mates

Description of figure 4-5 and figure 4-6

Figure 4-5: An example of a duet complex (eastern pair)

Figure 4-6: An example of a duet complex (eastern pair)

Description of figure 4-7, figure 4-8, figure 4-9 and figure 4-10

Figure 4-7: An example of a male solo sequence given by an eastern male

Figure 4-8: An example of a male solo sequence given by an eastern male

Figure 4-9: An example of a pair-mate "interrupting" the male solo sequence seen in fig. 4-7 (eastern pair)

Figure 4-10: An example of a pair-mate "interrupting" the male solo sequence seen in fig. 4-8 (western pair)

Description of figure 4-1 and figure 4-2

Figure 4-11: An example of a duet phrase begun by a male type II initiator (eastern pair)

Figure 4-12: An example of a duet phrase begun by a male type II initiator (western pair)

Description of figure 4-13

Figure 4-13: An example of a duet phrase begun by a female initiator (western pair)

Description of figure 4-14 and figure 4-15

Figure 4-14: The only couplet shared by pairs in both regions

Figure 4-15: A couplet similar to that shown in fig. 4-14 where the EF #3 male has substituted a call for SPS21B

Description of figure 4-16 - figure 4-23

Figure 4-16: Comparison of frequency means in the BIC region of male HP01 calls (western males versus eastern males)

Figure 4-17: Comparison of frequency means in the BIC region of female HP01 calls (western females versus eastern females)

Figure 4-18: Comparison of frequency means in male HP01 calls: change in frequency between the fundamental harmonic of the BIC region and the second harmonic of the call body

Figure 4-19: Comparison of frequency means in female HP01 calls: change in frequency between the fundamental harmonic of the BIC region and the second harmonic of the call body

Figure 4-20: Comparison of frequency means in the BIC region of male HP01 calls by group (east versus west )

Figure 4-21: Comparison of frequency means in the BIC region of female HP01 calls by group (east versus west )

Figure 4-22: Comparison of frequency means in male HP01 calls by group: change in frequency between the fundamental harmonic of the BIC region and the second harmonic of the call body

Figure 4-23 Comparison of frequency means in female HP01 calls by group: change in frequency between the fundamental harmonic of the BIC region and the second harmonic of the call body

Description of figure 4-24 and figure 4-25

Figure 4-24: An example of a couplet used frequently by eastern pairs

Figure 4-25: An example of a couplet used frequently by wastern pairs

Chapter 5

Description of figure 5-1 - figure 5-13

Fig. 5-1: Shows six parameters measured in fourier transform analysis

Fig. 5-2: Range of frequencies of variable 1 in the HP01 calls of males (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-3: Range of frequencies of variable 2 in the HP01 calls of males (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-4: Range of frequencies of variable 3 in the HP01 calls of males (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-5: Range of frequencies of variable 4 in the HP01 calls of males (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-6: Range of frequencies of variable 5 in the HP01 calls of males (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-7: Range of frequencies of variable 6 in the HP01 calls of males (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-8: Range of frequencies of variable 1 in the HP01 calls of females (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-9: Range of frequencies of variable 2 in the HP01 calls of females (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-10: Range of frequencies of variable 3 in the HP01 calls of females (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-11: Range of frequencies of variable 4 in the HP01 calls of females (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-12: Range of frequencies of variable 5 in the HP01 calls of females (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-13: Range of frequencies of variable 6 in the HP01 calls of females (see Fig. 5-1 for location of variables)

Fig. 5-14: An example of an HP01 call analyzed using 15 LPC coefficients

Fig. 5-15: An HP01 call analyzed using 15 coefficients. Coefficients are grouped to show similarities/differences between adjacent coefficients.

Fig. A: LPC coefficient 1

Fig. B: LPC coefficients 2-4

Fig. C: LPC coefficients 5-7

Fig. D: LPC coefficients 8-9

Fig. E: LPC coefficients 10-12

Fig. F: LPC coefficients 13-14

Fig. G: LPC coefficient 15

Fig. 5-16: LPC coefficients as they correspond to parts of the sonagraph

Fig. 5-17: LPC coefficients 10-12 from analysis of an HP01 call

Fig. A: LPC coefficients 10-12 of the entire length of an HP01 call

Fig. B: LPC coefficients 10-12 of first 0.15 seconds of same call

Fig. C: First derivative of LPC coefficients 10-12 (first 0.15 seconds of call)

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative

APPENDIX A - CATALOGUE OF CALLS IN THE VOCAL REPERTOIRE

Fig. A-1:

Fig. A: Illustration of terms defined in Appendix A

Fig. B: Illustration of terms defined in Appendix A

Fig. A-2: Illustration of terms defined in Appendix A

Fig. A-3: Illustration of terms defined in Appendix A

Fig. A-4: Illustration of terms defined in Appendix A

Call repertoire:

Calls in BH call type

Calls in BZ call type

Calls in BZ0 call category

Calls in BZ01 and BZ20 call categories

Calls in Chtcht call type

Calls in GR call type

Calls in GR0 and GR01 call categories

Calls in GR20 and GR22 call categories

Calls in GR23 and GR25 call categories

Calls in HN call type

Calls in HN0, HN20, HN21, and HN22 call categories

Calls in HP call type

Calls in HP0 call category

Calls in HP01 call category

Calls in HRP call type

Calls in HRP0 call cayegory

Calls in HRP02 call category

Calls in HRP1 call category

Calls in HRP2 call category (HRP2C-HRP2E)

Calls in HRP2 (HRP2A-HRP2B) and HRP3 call categories

Calls in HRP4 call category

Calls in HRP20 call category

Calls in HRP 21 call category (HRP21A-HRP21E)

Calls in HRP21 (HRP21F) and HRP26 call categories

Calls in HRP22, HRP23, and HRP24 call categories

Calls in KLP call type

Calls in KLP0 call category

Calls in KLP01 and KLP20 call categories

Calls in KNP call type

Calls in KNP0 call category

Calls in KNP1, KNP2, and KNP20 call categories

Calls in KNP21 call category

Calls in KWP call type

Calls in KWP0 call category

Calls in KWP1 and KWP3 call categories

Calls in KWP2 and KWP5 call categories

Calls in KWP20 and KWP4 call categories

Calls in LR call type

Calls in LR0 and LR20 call categories

Calls in LR1 call category

Calls in LR2, LR3, and LR4 call categories

Call in M call type

Calls in M0, M01 and M21 call categories

Calls in M20 call category

Calls in Q call type

Calls in SPS call type

Calls in SPS0 and SPS01 call categories

Calls in SPS2 and SPS21 call categories

Calls in TL call type

Calls in W call type

Calls in W1, W2, and W4 call categories

Calls in W3 and W5 call categories

Calls in W6 and W7 call categories

Calls in WHP call type

Calls in Z call type

Calls in Z0 call category

Calls in Z01 call category

APPENDIX B - CALL IDENTIFICATION KEYS

Calls in the BH call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the BZ call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the GR call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the HN call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the HP call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the HRP call type:

Calls in the HRP0 call category (wav. file)

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key

Calls in the HRP02 call category (wav. file)

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key

Calls in the HRP1 call category (wav. file)

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key

Calls in the HRP2 call category (wav. file)

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key

Calls in the HRP3 call category (wav. file)

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key

Calls in the HRP4 call category (wav. file)

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key
   

Calls in the HRP21 call category (wav. file) and HRP 26 call category (wav. file)

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key

Calls in the HRP22 (wav. file), HRP23.wav. file) and HRP24 (wav. file) call categories

1. Frequency parameters
2. Length parameters
3. Measurement key

Calls in the KLP call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the KNP call type:

Calls in the KNP0.wav. file) and KNP21.wav. file) call categories

1. Frequency and length of extensions
2. Frequency and length of fundamental frequency of call body

Calls in the KNP1.wav. file), KNP2 (wav. file) and KNP20.wav. file) call categories: call key

Calls in the KWP call type:

Calls in the KWP0.wav. file), KWP3.wav. file), and KWP20.wav. file) call categories: call key

Calls in the KWP1.wav. file), KWP2 (wav. file), KWP4.wav. file), and KWP5 (wav. file) call categories: call key

Calls in the LR call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the M call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the Q call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the SPS call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the TL call type: wav. file call key

Calls in W call type:

Calls in the W1 (wav. file) and W7 (wav. file) call category: call key

Calls in the W2 (wav. file) and W4 (wav. file) call category: call key

Calls in the W3 call category: wav. file call key

Calls in the W5 (wav. file) and W6 (wav. file) call category: call key

Calls in the WHP call type: wav. file call key

Calls in the Z call type: wav. file call key

APPENDIX C: Linear predictive coding

Fig. C-1

APPENDIX D: Catalogue of LPC coefficients for HP01 calls of individuals in this study

FIGS. D-1 - D-28:

Fig. D-1

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficient 1 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficient 1 plotted

Fig. D-2

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficient 1 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-3

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficient 1 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficient 1 plotted

Fig. D-4

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; LPC coefficient 1 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficient 1 plotted

Fig. D-5

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficients 2-4 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficients 2-4 plotted

Fig. D-6

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficients 2-4 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-7

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficients 2-4 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficients 2-4 plotted

Fig. D-8

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; LPC coefficients 2-4 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficients 2-4 plotted

Fig. D-9

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted

Fig. D-10

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-11

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted

Fig. D-12

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted

Fig. D-13

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted

Fig. D-14

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-15

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted

Fig. D-16

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted

Fig. D-17

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-18

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-19

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-20

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-21

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted

Fig. D-22

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-23

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted

Fig. D-24

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted

Fig. D-25

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficient 15 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficient 15 plotted

Fig. D-26

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficient 15 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-27

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficient 15 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficient 15 plotted

Fig. D-28

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; LPC coefficient 15 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficient 15 plotted

FIGS. D-29 - D-35:

Fig. D-29

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

Fig. E, Fig. G: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. F: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. E

Fig. H: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. G

Fig. D-30

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

Fig. D-31

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2A male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

Fig. E, Fig. G: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. F: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. E

Fig. H: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. G

Fig. D-32

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

Fig. E, Fig. G: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. F: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. E

Fig. H: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. G

Fig. D-33

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #3 male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

Fig. E, Fig. G: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 male; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. F: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. E

Fig. H: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. G

Fig. D-34

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG female; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

Fig. E, Fig. G: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. F: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. E

Fig. H: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. G

Fig. D-35

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 female; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

Fig. E, Fig. G: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2A female; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. F: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. E

Fig. H: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. G

FIGS. D-36 - D-38:

Fig. D-36

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 female; LPC coefficients 5-7 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 female; LPC coefficients 8-9 plotted

Fig. D-37

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 female; LPC coefficients 13-14 plotted

Fig. D-38

Fig. A, Fig. C: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 female; First derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12

Fig. B: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. A

Fig. D: PCA of first derivative of LPC coefficient 10-12 shown in Fig. C

FIGS. D-39 - D-46:

Fig. D-39

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the EM male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-40

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the EF #3 female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted (There were no quality recordings from the EM female thus comparisons between eastern females were not possible)

Fig. D-41

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2A male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-42

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-43

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2A male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-44

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #3 male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #1 male; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-45

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the QG female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. C-D: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF2B female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted

Fig. D-46

Fig. A-B: 2 HP01 calls given by the SF1A #2 female; LPC coefficients 10-12 plotted