ROANOKE TIMES 
                      Copyright (c) 1996, Roanoke Times

DATE: Wednesday, April 17, 1996              TAG: 9604170046
SECTION: NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL   PAGE: A-6  EDITION: METRO 
DATELINE: CULLODEN, SCOTLAND

SCOTLAND RECALLS EPIC, SAD BATTLE THAT TURNED TIDE

ON THE MOOR at Culloden, 2,000 clansmen died. The Stuarts never regained Britain's throne. Thousands of Scots left their homeland forever.

Four thousand clansmen rallied on a bleak, windy moor Tuesday to mark the anniversary of the 1746 Battle of Culloden, which ended a royal rebellion and scattered Scots around the world.

As bagpipes wailed, clansmen placed wreaths near the 20-foot stone cairn marking the site where Bonnie Prince Charlie's 5,000 soldiers fell under the grapeshot and bayonets of the Duke of Cumberland's 9,000 troops.

Two thousand rebels died in the hour-long frenzy.

Scotland and England had joined under a single monarch in 1603. In 1746, Highlanders supported a bid by Prince Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, to return the throne to the Catholic Stuarts. The rebels were called Jacobites because they supported the heirs of Catholic King James II, or Jacobus in Latin.

Stuart's rebels won every battle in their nine-month campaign - except the last.

The battle of Culloden is legendary for its brutality. Many wounded Scots were shot or bayoneted. Thirty men who took refuge in a cottage were locked in and burned alive. Retreating Scots were slaughtered all along the five-mile road to Inverness.

After the defeat, Highlanders were forbidden to wear their national dress, the hereditary authority of the Highland chiefs was abolished, and the Gaelic language was suppressed. Thousands of Highland Scots went abroad in search of a new life.

Some of their descendants returned Tuesday from America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, France and Germany.

``There are a lot of Americans and Canadians who would not be where they are today if it were not for Culloden,'' said Ross Mackenzie, who manages the 165-acre site for the National Trust for Scotland.

LENGTH: Short :   48 lines
ILLUSTRATION: PHOTO:  AP. An unidentified clansman wipes his face during a 
          tribute to forefathers who fell at the Battle of Culloden 250 years 
          ago.
          Associated Press