ROANOKE TIMES
Copyright (c) 1996, Roanoke Times
DATE: Tuesday, May 21, 1996 TAG: 9605210065
SECTION: EXTRA PAGE: 1 EDITION: METRO
COLUMN: Personal Health
SOURCE: JANE BRODY
Depression surrounds people with a life-draining cloud that typically saps their joy, energy and desire for work, play, food and sex. Once recognized and properly treated, depression can usually be relieved, restoring the zest for life and all it has to offer.
Depression can be lifted in two-thirds to three-fourths of patients by antidepressant medications, including the tricyclics, like Elavil, Tofranil and Wellbutrin; monoamine-oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, like Nardil and Marplan, and the newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) like Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil. In February alone, 3.4 million prescriptions were issued for the serotonin-reuptake inhibitors.
But for many people treated with these and other psychiatric drugs, the remedy, though highly effective in making life meaningful again, falls short in a major sphere. Instead of raising libido and the ability to achieve sexual fulfillment, popular antidepressants commonly cause a loss of interest in sex and block the ability to achieve sexual satisfaction.
As one 40-year-old man whose depression responded well to medication told his psychiatrist, ``I'm feeling much better and enjoying my work again. But I'm having a problem at home.''
If psychiatric drugs were taken like antibiotics, for 10 days or so, patients and their partners could easily cope with a temporary disruption of their sex lives. But many chronically depressed people require treatment for many months or years. For some, sexual crippling can be a serious problem that prompts them to stop taking the drugs, often without telling their doctors.
Yet, according to psychopharmacologists who spoke last week at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, there are less drastic solutions, including taking brief drug holidays and switching to a new drug that seems to have little or no ill effect on sexuality.
Physicians rarely hear about a vast majority of people whose sex lives are disrupted by antidepressant drugs. Unless asked directly, which experts say happens infrequently, patients rarely volunteer such information. And unless the physician assesses the patient's sexual function before prescribing medication, it may be impossible to tell whether the drug has caused or contributed to sexual dysfunction.
Drug-related problems, which occur in women as often as in men, may include decreased or lost libido; inability to achieve an erection or ejaculation, and delayed or blocked orgasm.
Dr. Robert T. Segraves, psychiatrist at Metrohealth Medical Center in Cleveland, suggested in an interview that before prescribing a medication that can have sexual side effects, the physician should inform the patient that the drug ``may cause sex problems, and thus we need to establish a baseline of sexual functioning beforehand.'' He insists that when patients are asked directly about sexual functioning, they usually give honest answers. A ``routine sexual history,'' Segraves said, should include questions appropriate to the sex of the patient, like these:
nHave you experienced any sexual difficulties?
nHave you experienced any difficulty with lubrication?
nHave you experienced any difficulty with erection?
nHave you experienced any difficulty with orgasm?
nHave you experienced any difficulty with ejaculation?
If the patient is reluctant or seems to give unreliable answers, Segraves suggests that the patient's spouse or sex partner be interviewed.
When, after weeks or months of therapy, the patient's depression has lifted significantly, the presence of any sexual problems should again be ascertained. Sometimes, Segraves cautioned, the problem stems more from the relationship than the medication. For example, the drug is not likely to be the cause when a patient's libido is depressed with a spouse but not with another partner, or when orgasm can be reached through masturbation but not coitus. But when a once-potent patient has erectile problems with a partner and also has no spontaneous nocturnal erections, the drug is a likely cause.
Dr. Anthony J. Rothschild, a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital in Belmont, Mass., outlined various possible solutions. One would be to decrease the dose, which is not always possible without losing the therapeutic benefit. Another is to plan to engage in sexual activity just before taking one's daily dose, which he said is often impractical. A third is to try sexual stimulants like yohimbine, which can be frustrating because their effects are not consistent, or to give second drug, like amantadine, to counter orgasmic failure induced by the antidepressant.
Rothschild has tested a fourth solution on 30 patients who experienced sexual dysfunction from an serotonin-reuptake inhibitor drug: weekend holidays from the drugs, in which the last dose for the week is taken on Thursday morning and the medication is resumed at noon on Sunday. He reported that sexual function improved significantly in the drug-free period for patients taking Zoloft and Paxil, but not for those on Prozac, ``which takes too long to wash out of the body.'' He said the brief drug holidays did not cause a worsening of depressive symptoms.
Two reports at the psychiatric meeting offered another solution: switching patients to a new, structurally different antidepressant, Serzone (the Bristol-Myers Squibb trade name for nefazodone). Both studies were sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb and adhered to well-established criteria for clinical trials.
Dr. Alan Feiger, medical director of the Feiger Psychmed Center in Wheat Ridge, Colo., and colleagues at four medical centers treated 80 men and women with Zoloft for six weeks. Although the patients experienced no increase in sexual desire when Zoloft was used to lift their depression, Feiger said that a switch to Serzone resulted in a ``robust improvement in sexual interest in both sexes, which has continued now for 36 weeks.'' Other aspects of sexual function were also improved when the patients took Serzone. He said that both drugs were ``highly effective'' in treating depression, helping about 64 percent of patients.
A second study, directed by Dr. James Ferguson, president of the Pharmacology Research Corporation in Salt Lake City, was conducted at nine centers among 75 patients who had experienced sexual difficulties while taking Zoloft. After a two-week drug-free period that restored sexual functioning, the patients were randomly assigned to either Zoloft or Serzone for eight weeks. Although there was no difference in antidepressant benefits, subsequent sexual problems occurred more than two and a half times as often among the patients taking Zoloft.
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