ROANOKE TIMES
Copyright (c) 1997, Roanoke Times
DATE: Sunday, February 16, 1997 TAG: 9702140093
SECTION: EXTRA PAGE: 7 EDITION: METRO
SOURCE: LINELL SMITH THE BALTIMORE SUN
For those taking hormones or considering taking them, here is a description of some of the hormones being used - and studied - in replacement therapies.
* Estrogen is a ``female'' hormone produced by ovaries, which cease production at menopause. Estrogen replacement relieves such symptoms of menopause as hot flashes and night sweats, reduces bone loss and relieves vaginal dryness. It is also believed to reduce the risk of heart disease, to reduce mood swings, to keep skin more youthful and to improve memory.
The risks of taking estrogen include an increased incidence of endometrial cancer - unless taken with progesterone - and a return of premenstrual symptoms. Long-term use may also put women at greater risk for breast cancer. It is usually prescribed for women after their physicians determine levels of hormones to see if they are in menopause.
* Testosterone, usually produced in the testes, is a ``male'' hormone available only through prescription. Because men do not undergo the dramatic hormonal changes that women do, their testosterone declines gradually. Men in their 60s and 70s often have testosterone levels in the low end of the normal range for young men.
Testosterone replacement is not a common therapy. Traditionally, physicians have reserved testosterone replacement for men who are severely hormone deficient. Now some are studying its benefits for men whose levels have declined. After blood tests establish that testosterone therapy is warranted, treatment is usually given through skin patches or regular injection; testosterone pills have been shown to damage the liver.
While researchers look for evidence that the hormone increases lean body mass and libido, many physicians worry that testosterone therapy may increase the risk of heart disease, aggravate prostate problems and promote tumor growth. Men receiving testosterone should have their cholesterol and PSA checked regularly.
* DHEA (dehydroepi-androsterone), available over the counter, is a weak male hormone produced by the adrenal glands located on the kidneys. In the body, it changes into estrogen and testosterone. Humans usually produce the greatest amount of DHEA from the ages of 25 to 30.
According to animal studies, some of the benefits of this hormone may include strengthening the immune system, building muscle and lean body mass, increasing libido, improving memory and boosting energy. It appears to be useful in treating the auto-immune disease of lupus in humans.
But no large, long-range clinical trials have been completed.
Scientists and physicians caution that high levels of DHEA can cause liver damage in the short term and may also be linked to an increased risk for breast and prostate cancers. Some side effects of high doses include acne, oily skin and insomnia. High doses in women can lead to facial hair and deepening voices.
* Melatonin, available over the counter, is a hormone produced inside the brain by the pineal gland. Researchers are investigating its ability to induce sleep and combat jet lag. Some animal studies suggest the hormone can increase libido, lessen the risk of cancer and work as a form of birth control. No large, long-range clinical trials in humans have been conducted.
LENGTH: Medium: 61 linesby CNB